https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/27/gay-relationships-still-criminalised-countries-report
Gay
relationships are still criminalised in 72 countries, report finds
50
years after Britain’s partial decriminalisation of homosexuality, in eight
countries it can still result in death penalty
Fifty years after
homosexuality was decriminalised in England and Wales, 72 other countries and
territories worldwide continue to criminalise same-sex relationships, including
45 in which sexual relationships between women are outlawed.
There are eight countries in which homosexuality
can result in a death penalty, and dozens more in which homosexual acts can
result in a prison sentence, according to an
annual report by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex
Association (ILGA).
But Britain was by no means a
frontrunner when it moved 50 years ago to partly decriminalise homosexuality.
Some 20 other countries had already led the way, including France, Belgium, the
Netherlands, Brazil and Argentina, all of whom had legalised it well before
1900.
In
Iran, Sudan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, homosexuality is still punishable by
death, under sharia law. The same applies in parts of Somalia and northern
Nigeria. In two other countries – Syria and Iraq – the death penalty is carried
out by non-state actors, including Islamic State.
The report notes that, although the potential exists for a death penalty to be
handed down under sharia courts in at least five other countries – Pakistan,
Afghanistan, the UAE, Qatar and Mauritania
A co-author of the ILGA report, Aengus Carroll, said it
remained the case that there was “no country in the world where LGBT people are
safe from discrimination, stigmatisation or violence”.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/27/gay-relationships-still-criminalised-countries-report
https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
Map of Countries that Criminalise LGBT People
Key Facts
·
72
jurisdictions criminalise
private, consensual, same-sex sexual activity. The majority of these
jurisdictions explicitly criminalise sex between men via ‘sodomy’, ‘buggery’
and ‘unnatural offences’ laws. Almost half of them are Commonwealth
jurisdictions.
.
·
44
jurisdictions
criminalise private, consensual sexual activity between women using laws against ‘lesbianism’[…]
·
11
jurisdictions in which the death
penalty is imposed or at least a possibility for private, consensual
same-sex sexual activity. At least 6 of
these implement the death penalty – Iran, Northern Nigeria, Saudi Arabia,
Somalia and Yemen – and the death penalty is a legal possibility in
Afghanistan, Brunei, Mauritania, Pakistan, Qatar and UAE.
·
15
jurisdictions
criminalise the
gender identity and/or expression of transgender people, using so-called ‘cross-dressing’,
‘impersonation’ and ‘disguise’ laws. In many more countries transgender
people are targeted by a range of laws that criminalise same-sex activity and
vagrancy, hooliganism and public order offences.
https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
http://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
Among countries that
expressly forbid expression of transgender identities, at least three, Brunei,
Oman and Kuwait, have national laws that criminalize “posing as” or “imitating”
a person of a different sex. Saudi Arabia has no codified law, but police routinely
arrest people based on their gender expression. Malaysia also criminalizes
“posing as” a different sex, not in its federal criminal code but in the Sharia
codes of each of its states and its federal territory. Nigeria criminalizes transgender and gender
nonconforming people in its northern states under Sharia.
The maps addressing
criminalization of same-sex conduct include the 70 countries with national laws
forbidding same-sex conduct. But others bear mention. The UAE has no federal law against homosexual
conduct, but several emirates, do in their own penal codes
In Indonesia, Aceh province is semi-autonomous and criminalizes
same-sex conduct under Sharia (Islamic law).
In South Korea, the military criminal code punishes same-sex conduct with
up to two years in prison, even though criminal sanctions for same-sex conduct
do not apply to the civilian population.
Human Dignity Trust has reported that 15 countries maintain
unequal ages of consent
http://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
https://www.theweek.co.uk/96298/the-countries-where-homosexuality-is-still-illegal
The countries where homosexuality is illegal
Singapore
court upholds law criminalising gay sex
The LGBT rights
movement in Singapore subsequently regained momentum in the wake of India’s
decision in 2018 to scrap
similar legislation left over “from its own period under British rule”,
reports Malaysia-based news site The Star.
Europe
No countries in Europe have
laws explicitly preventing homosexual activities. However, The Guardian reports
that increasing numbers of politicians and church leaders have been stirring
homophobia to rally bases and provoke fear among voters in Eastern
Europe.
The future looks even bleaker, with Amnesty International
warning that “legal rights are diminishing for lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender and intersex people across the African continent”.
In the overwhelmingly Islamic
Middle East, it is quicker to highlight the countries that do not currently
have anti-gay laws than those that do. In several nations same-sex relations
are punishable by death.
Bahrain, Israel and Jordan are
the only countries in the region that do not outlaw homosexuality. Even in these countries, police
protections offered to sexual minorities are minimal and vigilante justice
often prevails.
Iraq
decriminalised homosexuality in 2003, but the subsequent collapse of its
government and territorial claims by the extremist Islamic State (Isis) led to
widespread persecution and informal punishment of homosexuals, including
execution.
Meanwhile, Asia has a mixed record on gay rights. Many
countries on the continent have never passed any form of anti-gay legislation,
including Cambodia, South Korea, Taiwan, Laos and the Philippines, while Japan
decriminalised homosexuality almost 140 years ago.
https://www.theweek.co.uk/96298/the-countries-where-homosexuality-is-still-illegal
https://www.ft.com/content/393b3145-9567-4bfc-9ebc-0e92e4e2ddde
Singapore high court
upholds law criminalising gay sex
Singapore high court upholds law criminalising gay sex
City state rejects three separate appeals arguing that the
legislation is unconstitutional
Singapore’s high court has
upheld a colonial-era law that criminalises sex between men, putting the
international financial centre at odds with the liberal trend to embrace
same-sex relationships.
Under Singaporean law, a man found guilty of “gross
indecency” with another man faces up to two years in prison. M Ravi, a lawyer
who represented one of the appeals, said the court ruling was “shocking”
but not surprising. The continued criminalisation of homosexuality in Singapore
bucks moves elsewhere in the region to embrace LGBT rights that was invigorated by Taiwan’s
decision to legalise gay marriage last year. This made it the first Asian
jurisdiction to allow same-sex unions.
He pointed to drafting legislation in Thailand that would
allow broad marriage equality. “Once Thailand passes that [law] we believe
there could be very significant progress on LGBT rights in countries like
Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar,” said Mr Robertson.
In India, where the supreme court struck down a similar
colonial-era provision to the one upheld in Singapore, even traditional heavy
industry employers such as Tata Steel are taking steps to embrace LGBT
employees.
While some parts of Asia have embraced LGBT
rights, Brunei was last year forced to back down on new laws that
would make gay sex and adultery punishable with death by stoning.
https://www.ft.com/content/393b3145-9567-4bfc-9ebc-0e92e4e2ddde
The report follows research published last week into lesbian
and bisexual women's experiences of persecution for their sexual orientation.
The research found 'corrective rape' and forced marriages are common in some
countries on the basis that this can 'cure' them.
Many countries only criminalise sex between men due to
historic penal codes from British colonial rule which define sex as penile
penetration. However, a growing number are criminalising sex between women as
they believe doing so strengthens laws against men as the countries can assert
the legislation is 'gender neutral' and therefore not discriminatory.
https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
Mapping anti-gay laws in Africa
https://www.amnesty.org.uk/lgbti-lgbt-gay-human-rights-law-africa-uganda-kenya-nigeria-cameroon
Kenya high court rules to maintain laws criminalising
homosexuality
Activists vow not to give up after crushing court ruling for
Africa’s LGBT+ community
As Bhutan scraps gay sex ban, what pro-LGBT+ steps have
others taken?
By Reuters | Posted by Jahnavi Gupta | New Delhi
UPDATED ON DEC 11, 2020 06:05 PM IST
As countries around the world move to dismantle often
centuries-old laws banning gay sex, Bhutan has become the latest nation to take
steps to ease restrictions on same-sex relationships.
The United Nations has called on nations to throw out
anti-LGBT+ laws, saying they legitimise discrimination against LGBT+ people and expose them to hate
crimes, police abuse, torture and family violence.
Here are the latest nine countries to remove bans on
same-sex relations:
C.et: what about your LGBT
refugees that get stabbed and sliced every other day in the Kukuma refugee
camp? Is it how the UN treats their brothers?
Kenyan LGBT refugees live in fear of rape and assault
Lesbian
and gay refugees live in fear for their lives in the Kakuma refugee camp, with,
they say, the police and UN doing little to help
Nairobi — Eva Nabagala hoped she and her young son would be
safe from her family when they fled Uganda for a Kenyan refugee camp — but
instead she was attacked and raped there as punishment for being a lesbian.
She’s one of a group of about 300 gay, lesbian and
transgender refugees in Kakuma refugee camp in northwestern Kenya, who say
other refugees repeatedly attack them because of their sexual orientation. The
group say police and the UN refugee agency, UN High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), have failed to protect them.
Stephen Sebuuma, another Ugandan refugee in Kakuma, said
refugees armed with iron bars, sticks and machetes damaged their houses on
three occasions, injuring four adults and two children. “Police insult us
instead of helping us.”
UNHCR Kenya said as soon as they were informed of the attack,
they contacted Kenya’s Refugee Affairs Secretariat, and sent an ambulance.
UNHCR also contacted police, which had started investigations, the agency said.
But Sebuuma said the police never helped them.
Lesbians, gays live in fear of attacks in Kenyan refugee camp
"I have been threatened with death, I have been beaten,
I have been harassed sexually, and I have been sexually abused," a lesbian
refugee from Ugandan said.
April 28, 2020, 1:43 PM BST
By Reuters
UNHCR Kenya told Reuters that police investigate reports of
violence, assault, or other crimes and UNHCR offers support to survivors.
"Whenever we are informed ... we do our utmost to
provide medical, legal and social-economic support and psychosocial counseling
to survivors," the agency said.
Kenya's national police spokesman Charles Owino said he was
unaware of any violence against the group of refugees.
https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lesbians-gays-live-fear-attacks-kenyan-refugee-camp-n1194126
https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/12/13/lgbt-activists-attacked-peaceful-march-kenya-refugee-camp/
A
protest staged by embattled and exhausted LGBT+ refugees from a camp in Kakuma,
Kenya ended in violence as police officers allegedly “teargassed, beat and
brutally assaulted” demonstrators.
Queer refugees donned rainbow face masks for a peaceful
protest outside the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ (UNHCR)
office in the northwestern town.
The group – adults and children alike, many fleeing from
neighbouring Uganda’s vicious anti-LGBT laws – have reported being under siege
from assaults in recent months at the Kakuma refugee camp.
Demonstrators were calling on UNHCR organisers for increased
camp security after months of being pelted with violence from Kakuma locals and
fellow refugees.
Last year alone, queer Ugandans have been bludgeoned with
machetes, had community centres mobbed only for LGBT+ staff to be arrested, a
doctor crack the skull of a lesbian and a gay-friendly club raided leading to
127 LGBT+ people being arrested by army and police officers.
Embattled queer folk have fled to Kenya, but last year the
country’s courts called to continue criminalising gay sex.
https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/12/13/lgbt-activists-attacked-peaceful-march-kenya-refugee-camp/
A group of homophobic people
reportedly attacked a trans Ugandan refugee in broad daylight at a Kenyan camp,
slicing his neck, punching him and then pulling on his genitals.
https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/11/14/trans-ugandan-refugee-transphobia-kenya-kakuma/
C: there are also several accounts of rapes.
Gay
refugees sent back to 'homophobic Kenya camp'
https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/12/13/lgbt-activists-attacked-peaceful-march-kenya-refugee-camp/
C: underlying question about the UN, when people like trump
abuse power, when countries like china forbids technology enabling LGBT people
to meet (apps were the only LGBT people could meet) in the whole of China, as
there organisations and even bars are quasi-inexistent.
And since the UN has a systematic history of inviting the
worst perpetrators of human right to preside and lead commissions and committees.
In over 40 countries, laws against homosexuality are a lasting legacy of
British rule
Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) was introduced by
the British in 1861, inspired by the 1553 Buggery Act that outlawed
homosexuality in England. It was reportedly imposed to protect soldiers and
colonial administrators from “corruption” out of a fear that these men sent far
from home (and their wives) would turn to homosexuality, according to British
Colonialism and the Criminalization of Homosexuality, a book by Enze Han and
Joseph O’Mahoney.
As the largest country in the Commonwealth, India’s landmark
decision sends a message to other former British colonies that have stuck with
draconian laws against homosexuality. Of the 70 countries around the world that
criminalise homosexuality, at least 42 were once under some kind of British
control. And their modern-day laws are often direct descendants of the 19th
century British laws.
https://qz.com/india/1380947/section-377-the-former-british-colonies-with-laws-against-gay-people/
https://www.businessinsider.com/lgbtq-rights-around-the-world-maps-2018-10?
10 maps showing how different LGBTQ rights are around the
world
Same-sex acts can still carry the death
penalty in at least a dozen countries.
Same-sex activity can be a
capital offense in Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen.
Some 68 countries still criminalize homosexuality, most of
them majority-Muslim nations in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
Even where homosexuality is legal, there
are laws in place that make living openly difficult.
https://www.businessinsider.com/lgbtq-rights-around-the-world-maps-2018-10?
https://www.businessinsider.com/lgbtq-rights-around-the-world-maps-2018-10?
In Russia, a federal law makes it illegal to distribute
"propaganda of nontraditional sexual relations" to children.
Critics say it's so broad that it can be used to
ban Pride parades and arrest people for even identifying as a member of the
LGBTQ community on social media.
Brazil, Ecuador, and the tiny Mediterranean island nation of
Malta are the only three countries to ban so-called conversion therapy.
Only 5% of UN member states have provisions in their
constitutions barring discrimination based on sexual orientation.
South Africa was the first country to include sexual
orientation protections in its constitution, which it did in 1997.
Few countries outside of Europe and the
Americas allow same-sex couples to adopt children.
https://www.businessinsider.com/lgbtq-rights-around-the-world-maps-2018-10?
Map Shows Where It’s Illegal To Be Gay – 30 Years Since WHO
Declassified Homosexuality As Disease
But 70 countries in the
world still criminalise LGBT+ sexual acts between adults.
Additionally, being LGBT
is illegal in Gaza (Palestine), the Cook Islands and some provinces in
Indonesia. While in several other countries, are still seeing cases
of de facto criminalization.
The
report shows that despite the rhetoric that “it's getting easier to be
LGBT+”–staggering parts of the world remain without fundamental rights in
employment, marriage, adoption and the prevention of crimes.
6 In 10
LGBT+ Europeans Fear Assault If They Hold Hands In Public
LGBT activists in ‘disbelief’ after Botswana strikes down
laws criminalising homosexuality
Botswana’s High Court ruled on Tuesday to decriminalise
same-sex relations, making it the latest African nation to do so.
“Human dignity is harmed when minority groups
are marginalised,” Judge Michael Leburu told a packed courtroom in the
capital Gaborone, adding that the ban was “discriminatory”.
Homophobia
in Africa
Botswana is just the latest African nation
to legalise same-sex relations. Earlier this year, Angola took
similar measures, while Mozambique decriminalised gay sex in 2015. In South
Africa, homosexuality has been legal since the end of Apartheid, in 1996.
Zambia's president
says 'no to homosexuality'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyNQGrwt7Ig
C.et: religion? Rather people whose plan is to plague and
feed on half the population while formatting make a job of a joke (of) consuming
(the) (opposite) sex.
PRESS STATEMENT
UNAIDS applauds the vote
by Bhutan’s parliament to repeal laws that criminalize and discriminate against
LGBT people
GENEVA, 14 December 2020
Bhutan becomes the latest
country to decriminalize consensual same-sex sexual relations. Since 2014,
Angola, Botswana, Gabon, India, Mozambique, Nauru, Palau, the Seychelles and
Trinidad and Tobago have all taken the same measure. However, consensual
same-sex sexual relations remain criminalized in at least 68 countries and
territories worldwide
LGBTQ+ Refugees in UNHRC Refugee Camp at
Kakuma, Kenya.
We
are interacting with a group of LGBT refugees who are currently in UNHCR Kakuma
camp, Block 13. There are 180 people in Block 13, living in squalid conditions.
Having fled from their homes in neighbouring countries because of homophobia
and transphobia they are still living in fear, despite the reasonable
assumption that they would be protected from further violence. They are being
targeted as LGBT people by other refugees in the camp and by local people and
suffer ongoing brutal attacks and arson in the camp under the watch of UNCHR
Kenya.
Refugees run their own businesses in Kenya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCk46Kc7-dM
C: IN THE SAME REFUGEE CAMP, ONE GROUP DOES OFFICIAL
BUSINESS WHILE ANOTHER GET VIOLENTLY ATTACKED.
"Constant
fear" for gay refugees in Europe's shelters
BERLIN -- Alaa Ammar fled Syria to escape not just civil war
but also the threat of persecution as a gay man. Yet when he arrived in The
Netherlands last spring, he did not find the safe haven he craved.
The AP found out about scores of documented cases in The
Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Denmark, Sweden and Finland, with the abuse
usually coming from fellow refugees and sometimes security staff and
translators.
In Germany, the Lesbian and Gay Federation counted 106 cases
of violence against homosexual and transgender refugees in the Berlin region
from August through the end of January. Most of the cases came from refugee
centers, and 13 included sexual abuse.
Last year, the federation placed 50 people in private homes
because the migrant centers were too dangerous.
"These asylum shelters are law-free areas," he
said.
Last year, the federation placed 50 people in private homes
because the migrant centers were too dangerous.
"Gay refugees live in constant fear in the big
shelters," said the 40-year-old Syrian refugee.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/refugees-europe-migrants-shelters-gay-asylum-seekers-attack-abuse-lgbt/
Smotrich:
Shaffir ‘stupid’ for blaming religious right for anti-LGBT violence
Democratic Camp
politician says rabbis, ministers and MKs are ‘igniting hatred’ that leads to
assaults
“The
knife that stabbed a 16-year-old boy this week is the same knife that stabbed
Maya in 2018, the same knife that murdered Shira at the Gay Pride parade,”
tweeted Shaffir, referring to an assault on trans woman Maya Hadad last year
and to Shira Banki, a 16-year-old girl who was killed in 2015 during an attack
on participants in the Jerusalem gay pride march.
“This hatred is kindled by rabbis, ministers and MKs,” she
said. “[It is a] hatred that turns the proud community into citizens who cannot
walk safely in Israel. No more.”
About Conversion Therapy
What is “conversion therapy?”
Conversion
therapy refers to any of several dangerous and discredited practices aimed at
changing an individual’s sexual orientation or gender identity.
Does conversion therapy work?
No.
Conversion therapy is based on the outdated and false notion that being LGBTQ
is a mental illness that should be cured, despite all major medical
associations’ agreement that LGBTQ identities are a normal variant of human
nature. The American Psychiatric Association has not treated homosexuality as a
mental illness since 1973,
and being transgender is no longer treated as a mental illness since “gender
identity disorder” was removed from psychological
diagnostic manuals in 2013.
Is conversion therapy harmful?
Yes. The risks of conversion therapy extend far beyond its
ineffectiveness, and the time and money wasted on “therapies” that don’t work.
Conversion therapy is strongly associated with negative mental health outcomes
and greater rates of attempting suicide.
According to The Trevor Project’s 2020 National Survey on
LGBTQ Youth Mental Health, 10% of LGBTQ youth reported undergoing conversion
therapy, with 78% reporting it occurred when they were under age 18. Youth who
reported undergoing conversion therapy reported more than twice the rate of
attempting suicide in the past year compared to those who did not.
- Shame
- Guilt
- Helplessness
- Hopelessness
- Loss of faith
- Decreased self-esteem
- Increased self-hatred
- Social withdrawal
- Feeling dehumanized and untrue to self
- Depression
- Increased substance abuse
- High-risk sexual behaviors
- Suicidality
Conversion therapy as a form of family
rejection
‘I still have flashbacks’: the ‘global epidemic’ of LGBT conversion therapy
It sounds like a historical horror, but ‘treatment’ for sexual orientation
remains legal in most of the world, including the UK
Shurka ended up in conversion
therapy for five years. He saw four therapists in four states at a cost of
$35,000 (£27,000). He was instructed to use Viagra when having sex with women.
He was told he was a “classic case” of someone with too many female role models
and was instructed to avoid his mother and sisters.
It remains legal in the UK,
where a nationwide
survey published in July as part
of the government’s LGBT action plan found that 2% of the 108,000 LGBT
respondents had undergone conversion therapy and 5% had been offered it. In
2015, the charity Stonewall found that one in 10 health and social care staff had witnessed
colleagues express the belief that sexual orientation can be “cured”. A 2009 survey
of more than 1,300 mental health professionals found that more than 200 had offered
conversion therapy.
The conversion therapy lasted
seven days, during which Alimi, then 17, was locked in a dark room and made to
fast and pray around the clock.
What form of conversion therapy did she experience? “Prayer
ministry, healing ministry, deliverance ministry,” she says, referring to
spiritual interventions sometimes termed “praying away the gay”.
It happens in the Muslim faith,
Sikh faith … many black pentecostal communities will send their child back to
Nigeria or Uganda, where ‘corrective rape’ therapy happens.
“My experience of speaking to our members is that it has
been prolific in the church in recent times,” she says. “In the 90s and 00s,
every city in the UK would have a church doing it.
“But the majority who have experienced conversion therapy in
the UK go through it on a Sunday morning in their regular church service.
Shurka ended up in conversion therapy for five years. He saw
four therapists in four states at a cost of $35,000 (£27,000). He was
instructed to use Viagra when having sex with women. He was told he was a
“classic case” of someone with too many female role models and was instructed
to avoid his mother and sisters.
Undercover at a so-called gay conversion camp
https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/undercover-called-gay-conversion-camp-46038064
C: I am happy that it stops, but 20 years for what did not
appear to be grievous harm is nuts. God knows how much LGBT are persecuted. If
we send in prison everyone who participated in it…singling out one perpetrator-and
break on them hell loose- while everyone else are able every day to destroy lives
doing the same thing but with more PC and under the banner of TLC or law and
order. Does not feel very enlightened.
Despite widespread
condemnation and scientific evidence that gay conversion therapy does not work,
the cruel torture is only illegal in four countries across the world. Germany
was the most recent country to ban the practice along with Brazil, Ecuador and
Malta. LGBT rights were decreasing across the world
even before the Coronavirus pandemic
"More worryingly, we have recently witnessed within the
EU anti-LGBTI incidents such as attacks on prides, the adoption of 'LGBTI
ideology-free zone' declarations, fines for LGBTI-friendly advertisements and
others.
Bachelet is now calling on all member states, like the U.K.,
Hungary and Poland who are actively making moves to erode rights, not to use
the coronavirus crisis as an excuse to undermine LGBT+ rights.
https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26051&LangID=E
UN expert calls for global ban on practices of so-called
“conversion therapy”
GENEVA (8 July 2020) – Practices known as “conversion therapy”
inflict severe pain and suffering on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and
gender-diverse (LGBT) persons, often resulting in long-lasting psychological
and physical damage, a UN expert told the Human Rights Council while calling
for a global ban.
From some 130 submissions
from States, civil society organisations, faith-based organisations, medical
practitioners, and individuals who had been subjected to such practices, he
heard conversion is attempted through beatings, rape, electrocution, forced medication,
isolation and confinement, forced nudity, verbal offense and humiliation and
other acts of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse.
“These interventions exclusively target LGBT persons with the specific
aim of interfering in their personal integrity and autonomy because their
sexual orientation or gender identity do not fall under what is perceived by
certain persons as a desirable norm,” Madrigal-Borloz said. “They are
inherently degrading and discriminatory and rooted in the belief that LGBT
persons are somehow inferior, and that they must at any cost modify their
orientation or identity to remedy that supposed inferiority.”
The expert said dismantling such biases and prejudices requires
the concerted action of States, the medical community and civil society,
including faith-based organisations, to ensure a worldwide ban on the
practices.
“These interventions exclusively target LGBT persons with the
specific aim of interfering in their personal integrity and autonomy because
their sexual orientation or gender identity do not fall under what is perceived
by certain persons as a desirable norm,” Madrigal-Borloz said. “They are
inherently degrading and discriminatory and rooted in the belief that LGBT
persons are somehow inferior, and that they must at any cost modify their
orientation or identity to remedy that supposed inferiority.”
The expert said dismantling such biases and prejudices requires
the concerted action of States, the medical community and civil society,
including faith-based organisations, to ensure a worldwide ban on the
practices.
https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26051&LangID=E
https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26051&LangID=E
Donald Trump
45th President of the United States
https://www.glaad.org/gap/donald-trump
C: have a look above (click on the link) kink, to what
manipulative lies just strangely acquainted to the tactics of traffickers
anyway coming from this casino owner tax-evader subverted SOB.
Since
the moment Donald Trump and Mike Pence walked into the White House, they have
attacked the progress we have made toward full equality for the LGBTQ community
and undermined the rights of countless Americans.
https://www.hrc.org/resources/trumps-timeline-of-hate
End the persecution of
LGBTI people in Chechnya
Chechen authorities deny that gay people exist but also
incite homophobic violence by telling people to murder their own family members
because of their sexual orientation.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/get-involved/take-action/chechnya-stop-abducting-and-killing-gay-men/
Anti-LGBT
Violence in Chechnya
When Filing
“Official Complaints” Isn’t an Option
For several weeks now, a brutal campaign against
LGBT people has been sweeping through Chechnya. Law enforcement and security
agency officials under control of the ruthless head of the Chechen Republic, Ramzan Kadyrov, have
rounded up dozens of men on suspicion of being gay, torturing and humiliating
the victims. Some of the men have forcibly disappeared. Others were returned to
their families barely alive from beatings. At least three men apparently
have died since this brutal campaign began.
Kadyrov’s
press secretary immediately described the report as “absolute lies and
disinformation,” contending that there were no gay people in Chechnya and then
adding cynically, “If there were such people in Chechnya, law-enforcement
agencies wouldn’t need to have anything to do with them because their relatives
would send them somewhere from which there is no returning.”
These days, very few people in Chechnya dare speak to human
rights monitors or journalists even anonymously because the climate of fear is
overwhelming and people have been largely intimidated into silence. Filing an
official complaint against local security officials is extremely dangerous, as
retaliation by local authorities is practically inevitable. https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/04/anti-lgbt-violence-chechnya
https://notchesblog.com/2019/01/22/queer-history-and-the-holocaust/
Queer History and the
Holocaust
Same-sex sexuality in the prisoner society
The first studies of the Holocaust and concentration camps
were written by survivors. These early works set up homophobic patterns that
have proved durable.
Men with the pink triangle were almost always in the lowest
ranks of the prisoner society and only very rarely gained positions of power
History
of the persecution of queer men and women
Until
the 1970s, historians failed to discuss the Nazi persecution of homosexuals.
If queer
men have received only limited attention in histories of the Holocaust,
research into histories of queer women in Nazi Germany is even more
under-researched.
Significantly, Claudia Schopmann and Alexander Wäldner have shown that some women were indeed
sentenced under §175.
Overall,
for women as for men, persecution often took place intersectionally – that is,
same-sex sexuality was rarely the only factor. The repressive climate against
female conduct in general, and queer women in particular, also played a role.
This
erasure of lesbian persecution is characteristic of German historiography (which
represents almost all of the research on this topic). Research on lesbians has
long not been recognized or seen as relevant for wider histories of Nazi
Germany.
But the discomfort about and erasure of queer sexuality in
studies of the Holocaust demonstrates that the history of this genocide has too
often been written normatively, violently, and with prejudice.
https://notchesblog.com/2019/01/22/queer-history-and-the-holocaust/
https://notchesblog.com/2019/01/22/queer-history-and-the-holocaust/
How We've Suppressed the Queer History of the
Holocaust
Even in the Nazi
camps, homophobia 'helped' inmates distance themselves from those considered
'other.' Even today, Jewish gay and lesbian victims are still erased from how
we talk about the Holocaust
While we may believe that this homophobia
was a natural outgrowth of 1930s society, the opposite was the case. Redlich
was from the Czechoslovakian town of Olomouc. Similarly to Weimar Germany,
Czechoslovakia had a vocal movement calling for the decriminalization of
homosexuality, there was a gay subculture, with bars, journals, novels, and
activists.
Scholars like Insa Eschebach have
pointed out that homophobia among those who were themselves victims of the Holocaust was
a specific product of the concentration camp society.
This homophobia was not
a byproduct of the Nazis’ prejudice; the prisoners viewed same sex desire as a
personification of all that was wrong in the violent world of the camps.
https://www.stonewall.org.uk/node/127916
Following several years of escalating
persecution under the Nazi regime, more than six million Jewish people were
murdered during the Holocaust.
Alongside Romany Gypsies and people with
disabilities, members of the LGBT community were also targeted by the Nazis in
their efforts to eradicate entire communities who they portrayed as a threat to
the ‘German people’.
Between 1933 and 1945, an estimated 100,000
men were arrested in Nazi Germany as ‘homosexuals’, of whom 50,000 were
sentenced, and between 5,000 and 15,000 were sent to concentration camps.
Lesbians, bi women and trans people, whose experiences remain under-researched,
were also targeted. It is unclear how many LGBT people perished in these
camps.
As
homosexuality was only decriminalised in Germany decades after the Second World
War, many LGBT survivors could not publicly give voice to their stories and
experiences.
https://www.stonewall.org.uk/node/127916
International Holocaust
Remembrance Day reminds us of the millions of Roma, Jewish, lesbians, gays,
intersex and transgender people, persons with disabilities, political
opponents, Jehovah witnesses and other victims of the Holocaust.
The United Nations chose 27
January because it was on 27 January 1945 that the Soviet Army liberated the
prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
Every 27th of
January, the world pays tribute to the memory of the victims of the Holocaust
and reaffirms the unwavering commitment to counter antisemitism, antigypsyism,
racism, and other forms of intolerance that may lead to group-targeted violence.
Roma, LGBT and Disability
Organisations Stand Together on International Holocaust Remembrance day
On International Holocaust
Remembrance Day the European Roma and Travellers Forum (ERTF), European Roma
Rights Centre (ERRC), Roma Virtual Network (RVN), the European Region of the
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA –
Europe), the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer Youth and
Student Organization (IGLYO) and the European Disability Forum (EDF) call on
national governments and inter-governmental organisations to ensure the safety
of all minorities who are targets for Europe’s extremists.
Non-Jewish victims of Nazi persecution and murder
Complexity and respect
Greater differentiation of Nazi victim groups is needed, not
to create a
hierarchy of suffering, but to genuinely understand why and
how individual
people came to be persecuted and killed. Each victim,
whether Jew, Roma,
gay, disabled, Communist, trade-unionist, Pole or Soviet
prisoner of war, is
surely entitled to the uniqueness of their own suffering and
death. https://www.holocausteducation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/1.-Non-JewishVictimsOfNaziPersecutionMurder-Digital.pdf
Non-Jewish victims of Nazi persecution and murder
The course of the development of Roma and Sinti persecution
reveals a lot about the qualities of the Nazi regime. While initially there was
no formal policy towards the Roma, ‘anti-Gypsy initiatives emerged from
numerous agencies, above all the police and the SS but also the academic
community’ (Connelly 2010: 275). For example, ‘Gypsies’ were not specified in
the racial legislation of 1933-34 but the authorities nevertheless applied the
laws in such a way that Roma and Sinti were sterilised without any legal basis
The course of the development of Roma and Sinti persecution
reveals a lot about the qualities of the Nazi regime. While initially there was no formal policy towards
the Roma, ‘anti-Gypsy initiatives emerged from numerous agencies, above all the
police and the SS but also the academic community’ (Connelly 2010: 275).
For example, ‘Gypsies’ were not specified in the racial legislation of 1933-34
but the authorities nevertheless applied the laws in such a way that Roma and
Sinti were sterilised without any legal basis
While the Nazi regime never planned nor intended to kill
every last person from this group wherever they could find them, the move to
deport ‘Gypsies’ eastwards en masse in 1942 did not prevent thousands dying
either in gas chambers, or in overcrowded ghettos nor did it stop many more
being killed by Nazis and their collaborators throughout Eastern Europe. How
many were killed remains a subject of debate: while ‘most estimates put the
figure in the 190,000-250,000 range, there is a possibility that it could be as
high as half a million’ (Levene 2013: 132).
The Persecution of the Roma
Is Often Left Out of the Holocaust Story. Victims’ Families Are Fighting to
Change That
Sándor, who died in 2000, was able to survive Nazi persecution because of
his music, but hundreds of thousands of Roma were murdered during the
Holocaust. Many more faced persecution, displacement, forced labor, forced medical
experimentation and sterilization, violence and imprisonment.
Roma and Sinti people, often derogatorily referred to as “gypsies,” are members of an ethnic group with deep
roots across Europe.
While Sinti are of Western and Central Europe origin, Roma
are those of Eastern and South Eastern Europe origin.
It wasn’t until 1982 that Germany officially recognized the
persecution against Roma as a genocide based on race. France apologized for its
collaboration in Nazi crimes against Roma and Sinti in 2016.
https://time.com/5719540/roma-holocaust-remembrance/
Nazis murdered a quarter of
Europe’s Roma, but history still overlooks this genocide
In the immediate postwar
period, war crimes against Roma were not prosecuted. Survivors struggled to get
recognition and compensation for the persecution they experienced. Roma victims
were also not acknowledged in monuments commemorating the Nazis’ victims.
The genocide against the Roma is
described by Professor Eve Rosenhaft, a historian of modern Germany, as “the forgotten Holocaust”.
As curator of The Wiener Holocaust Library’s current exhibition, Forgotten
Victims: The Nazi Genocide of the Roma and Sinti, I aimed to explore
this often over-looked history.
Historical Amnesia:
The Romani Holocaust
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418585?seq=1
C.et: What about how LGBT, and gypsies by the way
have been shunned of commemorative do?
just like with the LGBT, until recently even denied
commemoration by all countries involved.
Thank you to the university teacher who first told me about
this other aspect of denial.
Some countries demand sterilisation
or completed surgical procedures before allowing transpeople to change their gender
status.
Controlling Bodies, Denying Identities
Human Rights Violations against Trans People in the
Netherlands
Dutch
law allows trans people to change their gender on official documents only on
condition that they have altered their bodies through hormones and surgery, and
that they are permanently and irreversibly infertile.
These requirements routinely leave trans people with
identity documents that do not match their deeply felt gender identity,
resulting in frequent public humiliation, vulnerability to discrimination, and
great difficulty finding or holding a job.
C.et: the big problem that it is there is that we talk about
the need to change on paper one’s gender to be permitted to dress and behave or
do the activities more traditionally assigned to the opposite gender. This should
not be the case at all. I contend that nowadays society will pressurise people
wanting to simply dress with clothes fanatically assigned to the opposite sex,
or even aspire to activities or even aspire to marry the same sex to have to
get operated…to be…’reassigned’.
According to the law, transsexual people who wish to undergo
surgery to alter their bodies can change their papers only after they have
completed the lengthy medical trajectory. It takes years, not weeks or months,
before people meet the conditions imposed by article 1:28.
For trans people who do not want surgery, and who will
therefore never be able to change their gender markers under the current
legislation, these obstacles last a lifetime.
Controlling Bodies, Denying Identities
Human Rights Violations against Trans
People in the Netherlands
Dutch law allows trans people to change their
gender on official documents only on condition that they have altered their
bodies through hormones and surgery, and that they are permanently and
irreversibly infertile.
These
requirements routinely leave trans people with identity documents that do not
match their deeply felt gender identity, resulting in frequent public humiliation,
vulnerability to discrimination, and great difficulty finding or holding a job.
According to the law, transsexual people who wish to undergo
surgery to alter their bodies can change their papers only after they have
completed the lengthy medical trajectory. It takes years, not weeks or months,
before people meet the conditions imposed by article 1:28.
For trans people who do not want surgery, and
who will therefore never be able to change their gender markers under the
current legislation, these obstacles last a lifetime.
FRAMING REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF
INSTITUTIONALIZED TRANSPHOBIA GLOBALLY
Historically, the movement for reproductive rights and
justice hasn’t been the most trans-inclusive space. Reproductive justice is, in
essence, about the right to have a child, or to not have a child. For trans and
gender diverse people, this goes beyond access to abortion and/or fertility
treatments, to include the right to retain our fertility.
In countries where forced sterilization is a requirement to
gain access to legal gender recognition, we are made to choose between
incorrect identity documents that place our safety at risk, or coerced
infertility. Where psycho-pathologizing diagnoses are a requirement to access
legal gender recognition and/or medical transition, we are forced to conform to
binary gender ‘norms’ that deny us the right to pursue, or express our desire
for, genetic parenthood. This includes trans men/trans masculine people
becoming pregnant, and trans women/trans feminine people impregnating another
person.
Sexual and Reproductive Rights
Transgender People
Reproductive rights of transgender people
The reproductive rights of transgender people are first and
foremost affected by compulsory sex reassignment surgery and/or sterilization.
Civil Codes can require transgender people to take hormones and undergo surgery
to alter their bodies and be permanently and irreversibly sterilized before
they can have their gender legally recognized. These requirements violate
transgender people’s rights to personal autonomy and physical integrity, and
deny them the ability to define their own gender identity, Human Rights Watch
stated.
https://www.gfmer.ch/srr/transgenderpeople.htm
3.3.2.1 Medicalisation
Surgery and sterilisation
Across the 28 EU and three EFTA states, there remains a
requirement in a number of jurisdictions that, in
order to be formally acknowledged in their preferred gender,
trans and intersex people must: (a) undergo
gender confirmation surgery; and (b) show evidence that they
have undertaken a process of sterilisation
or are otherwise incapable of reproducing (see Table 2
below).
Surgical requirements reflect an (incorrect) assumption that
physical interventions are an inherent part
of gender transition processes and that Europe’s trans
people inevitably desire to change their bodies,
particularly their sex characteristics
As Table 2 illustrates, the European Union and EFTA
jurisdictions which currently require surgical intervention include the Czech
Republic and Estonia. In Romania, certain courts have interpreted Article 4(2),
Point L of Government Ordinance No.41 of 31 January 2003 to specifically
require surgical procedures. Countries which currently impose sterilisation
include Finland and Slovakia.
In the past decade, however, there has been a clear shift in
European attitudes towards the acceptability of physical intervention
requirements. As detailed in Chapter 2, various United Nations and Council of
Europe human rights actors, including the ECtHR, have pushed back against the
legitimacy of involuntary surgery and sterilisation. Their criticisms are
reflected in the increasing number of EU and EFTA legislatures which have
positively removed physical intervention requirements from their national laws.
Examples of jurisdictions which have taken such steps in the last decade
include: Spain (2007); Portugal (2011); Netherlands (2013); Denmark (2014);
Croatia (2014); Norway (2016); France (2016); Belgium (2017) and Luxembourg
(2018). In Malta, Article 3(4) of the Gender Identity, Gender Expression and
Sex Characteristics Act 2015 explicitly guarantees gender recognition rights
without ‘proof of a surgical procedure for total or partial genital
reassignment…’.
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/trans_and_intersex_equality_rights.pdf
Sexual Assault and the
LGBTQ Community
In contrast, there is ample evidence that societal prejudice
causes significant medical, psychological and other harms to LGBTQ people. For
example, research on the issue of family acceptance of LGBTQ youth conducted at
San Francisco State University found that "compared with LGBTQ young
people who were not rejected or were only a little rejected by their parents
and caregivers because of their gay or transgender identity, highly rejected
LGBTQ young people were:
https://www.hrc.org/resources/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy
- In more
than half the world, LGBT people may not be protected from discrimination
by workplace law
- LGBT
people around the world are subject to physical and sexual violence by
both state and non-state actors
- They
are discriminated against in education, health and social care and
employment
- Many
LGBT people are rejected by family and from other forms of social
assistance
- Most
governments deny trans people the right to legally change their name and
gender from those that were assigned to them at birth. A quarter of the
world’s population believes that trans people should not be granted full
legal recognition of their gender identity
https://www.stonewall.org.uk/our-work/campaigns/campaigning-global-lgbt-equality
No comments:
Post a Comment