Blog about human rights, environmental rights, animal rights, veganism, justice, LGBT, politics, the news, IR, current affairs, society, philosophy, well-being and spirituality in general.
I am also the author of Nix, Freya and Durga deserts... available on the same website.
Transgender's
enforcement building: the children who are operated because they identify to a
fake and permissive notion of what is adequate for the opposite sex, are the
victims of pro-Nazi, pro-eugenics promoters.
The children who are
operated because they identify to a fake and permissive notion of what is
adequate for the opposite sex, are the victims of pro-Nazi, pro-eugenics
promoters
The children who are
operated because they identify to a fake and permissive notion of what is
adequate for the opposite sex, are the victims of pro-Nazi, pro-eugenics
promoters, satisfying a populace thirsty for castration, and making salaries of
medical torture a standard. Be their money given, a pittance, a token or
towards propelling billions of dollars and other nuke currencies industry.
It is the fascists who
want to operate on children, and change their bodies, the moment they say the
game keepers may identify them to the other sex, in relation to the fake
dichotomy that have been established by nazi attitude between males and females
in matter of activities, roles, functions, and the people they are entitled to
marry with.
It is a way to
mutilate genders, and to maim gays.
You do not fit their
class A fascistic laws that they want to be back, the reward, the scalpel wielded
by medical psychopaths making thousands theorizing about how appropriate it
will be to be queer, trans, sick heteros.
The new fashion of
operating homos or people who would like to identify with what has been dictated
(you are the willing cats in videos, pranking, all eager to see if the mirror
their 3 piece suit will make up for what they are) as the other sex activities
or the prerogatives they have to be as partners.
Transgenders
irrevocable enforcement building.
Just like that started
with torture and inequality. Since here it is the homos or gender difference or
similarities that are targeted. Once everybody will be under cut and left
dying, homos like transgender will be yet again expulsed from society. Of
course, it cannot be said to be an hetero victory, as it is at every stage that
this dance for death is the sign that society as wholly heartedly sing it- we
ain’t worth it. Even a crap il I e litty bit. Chorus refrains.
At the end I am sorry
to have to leave this post this way, because I should get yourself some
articles that would demonstrate it. But just think. Those measures have been
imposed by people that want death for gays.
PS: not to deny
transgenders of course, I can perfectly understand people want or need a sex
change, but not this way. I admit too that it well can be argue that the ops
will be more successful when performed on young patients, but it is just that
they are not patients, they are victims of these sickos psychos, that a decade
earlier would have electrified us in so many lectures rooms, bedrooms,
textbooks and treaties.
These children will be
the laboratory tests of what those pretended scientists and doctors, in effect
those dehumanized technicians, of technics that are still well under
rudimentary. It is not removing the original sex off an individual and put
another, the performance of those operations, or sex reassignment are just
horrid. That is in addition of having been castrated, the sex that is put
instead does not work, is not performing in any sense of the word.
Yet, again to want to
become a transgender is completely acceptable. It is choosing to have another
sex that the one one’s had. To impose on children to be cut of theirs, is
nothing short of aggravated genital mutilation.
To have lost one’s sex
on people’s consensus on how to be gendered vis a vis how one’s has felt and
how it is decrypted by society to suit codes that maim and imprison everybody.
On top of being cut,
to run risks of having lost one’s sex, its sexual pleasure as well as those ones
of reproduction. We do know that reproductive rights are the worst nightmares
of human rights theories are reproduction entails overpopulation and also that
people will have descendants when some won’t and this can play on power abuse
and abuse of the power of education, etc.…an endless conundrum.
When it will not be a
physical sterilization of the gays, it will be a mental one.
All of these nazis,
again pouring and stealing the money, out of having so successfully bastardised
and secluded. Elucidated?
Scientific psychology
has been a very well-known absolute monster and abuser in many countries, from
capitalist to communists, just jailing people and putting them in boxes,
affirming their sado-masochisms and ignorance, and lack of total reality. And
here their victory, a total get-away. Way too easy… never again, because one
cannot recreate the past only. Crates.
I again want to
repeat, this post is in absolutely not directed at transgenderism asked
legitimately by free and consensual adults.
And while it is
absolutely sure that people feel they want to change sex, there is no ages to
understand how society that every morning, clad themselves, in order to transvestite
themselves. Transvestite are everybody. Everybody in the morning look at their
mirror asking themselves if they are smashing in the clothes that indicate the
role they d like to be invested with (and all versions of this- that is when
one can choose their clothes-but can he? The society in which we live destroyed
everything, what camouflage will ever prevent this.
C: it is only my interpretation, but what I feel the dalai
lama said, is that he has been forced to lead a political life when he could
not live the spiritual one that a dalai lama is meant to live, in Tibet.
The source of water for a massive part of asia. The one that
should have remained unspoilt by any means.
His spirituality would want its leader to be impassable, but
being in his situation over Tibet and balloted the way this sacred land is- and
the people retaining a traditional live, only able to preserve the god mountain
from the rotten attitudes that people have attached to this illusion of
modernity, must be completely overtly excruciating.
Has
China really stopped obtaining organs from executed prisoners?
C: Every thing there is on this page, linked with pollution
I saw. I was researching documentaries about the amount of garbage in poor
quarters in all the cities I visited, the amount of rubbles that is never
picked up by the authorities, that is the communist party. They leave people
living on top of rubbishes that are never collected. In towns as in
countryside, near lakes, hills. Hills that they bombed to make the land even
and arable. The red terra Cota of china open her wound that bleed and bleed and
bleed on, till they will manage to get all the poor people from the countryside
into dirty cemetery towns and that the party of course take the part of the
country, like in Europe, where there is still a tree and a water that is not
littered with refuse.
(and corpses? = sip seep the poison that this generate will
be the worst ever scourge on humanities ever I would suggest. Nature knows now.
C: just to clarify my position between china and Hong-Kong,
is that someone needs to be also anti-capitalist, but anyway it is not china
any longer able to lodge even the faintest claim towards that heroic
aspirations.
Humans that are protected won’t be able to pray for the
humans such as them anylonger but for the planet. As for the humans that see
that and endure that everyday, this system would ensure that they produce the
poison- the only trick they found is for us to ingest it. Wherever one is. Or
so it seems, but the ones that is at the worst receiving end have no chance to
survive it.
How the Chinese Communist Party infiltrated Australia's
universities | Four Corners
C: and this one is for the French. French passports are all
but prohibited in china, as French have had the merits of pushing for human
rights observance.
C: it is just a question here, but I wonder whether the
buddhist idea of compassion is entirely understood, as I kept noticing plants
that were dying of thirst in temples. I reiterate, it is just a question. Since
suffering is a well-documented notion in Buddhism too.
Exposing China's Digital Dystopian Dictatorship | Foreign
Correspondent
C: Don't you know ho much in europe you are to be paying in
case of defamation to celebreties and firms in particular. it is a real massive
problem in europe. millions for some fines!!!
you know of a journalists that solved many cases or
corruption cases??? at least no many in the west, and gods knows how crooky
they are.
C: it sounded here as if the segregation on Yegur is not
religious but ethnic.
The problem is what china is doing for its whole people will
be completely segregatory on party values guidelines. Feed the apparatchik.
Like trump positioning the poorer castes in land they will make sure are
mercury, bleach and better things- while taking presidency of territories they did
not manage yet to suck dry, as it was just jungle or the last primeval forests
the week before we die.
Face-off Between Indian, Chinese Troops In North Sikkim
Triggers Fist-Fight, Several Injured
Un commissaire
européen alerte l'UE sur Huawei qui se dit "déçu"
L'Union
européenne a des raisons de s'inquiéter face à Huawei Technologies et d'autres entreprises technologiques chinoises en
raison des menaces qu'elles représentent pour le secteur et la sécurité du bloc
communautaire, a déclaré vendredi Andrus Ansip, vice-président de la Commission
européenne chargé du marché unique numérique.
The main supplier of information and communication
technology systems to the AU headquarters was China’s best-known telecoms
equipment company - Huawei.
But in January 2018, French newspaper Le Monde Afrique
dropped a bombshell.
It reported that the AU’s computer system had been
compromised.
The newspaper, citing multiple sources, said that for five
years, between the hours of midnight and 0200, data from the AU’s servers was
transferred more than 8,000km away - to servers in Shanghai.
This had allegedly continued for 1,825 days in a row.
Le Monde Afrique reported that it had come to light in 2017,
when a conscientious scientist working for the AU recorded an unusually high
amount of computer activity on its servers during hours when the offices would
have been deserted.
It was also reported that microphones and listening devices
had been discovered in the walls and desks of the building, following a sweep
for bugs.
The U.K.’s decision in late January to allow “high-risk
vendors” to equip parts of its 5G telecommunications networks permits the
continuing involvement of Huawei, a company described by U.S. legislators and officials as
an arm of the Chinese state. The decision has been widely portrayed as a
sacrifice of the U.K.’s security and that of partner nations to short-sighted
material greed
5G and Huawei: The UK and EU Decide
The EU and U.K. are willing to accept some managed risk in
return for expected gains brought by interdependence with China.
C: do not think it is only in few markets in china, in china
it is in every town.
I think that human beings may be soon be cursed by the food,
like the people without money in china, because they cannot afford vegetable
and fruit. And without vegetable, our bodies will have to take poison, rotting
on corpses. On eating dead flesh. And so become. Not out of ‘necessity’ but
guilty of it.
It eat.
H-it. H-eat.
The torture of the wild life, this is how wildlife is
connected to viruses. But to whom heartless git to put it lightly, too
comradly, would need a justification? Because people will seize the
opportunities. To kill wildlife the moment, kill them more, when a connection,
spurious or not have been shown.
Even if we were in heaven, if wildlife spread the virus,
then we would need to take precaution, not kill anyone, anything, for the brain
of the crap to understand.
Just to kill and kill more, so in fact the virus, is you.
China: Power and Prosperity -- Watch the full documentary
'They see my blue eyes then jump back' – China sees a new
wave of xenophobia
Over the past few weeks, as Chinese health officials
reported new “imported” coronavirus cases almost every day, foreigners living
in the country have noticed a change. They have been turned away from
restaurants, shops, gyms and hotels, subjected to further screening, yelled at
by locals and avoided in public spaces.
By last Thursday, officials had reported a total of 595
imported cases since the outbreak began, the main source being the UK. In the
last seven days, China has reported only six locally transmitted cases but
dozens arriving from abroad.
C: watch this if you have a particular interest in Taiwan
who first reported the WHO about covid new disease, the WHO did not listen,
keep on denying them the right to report.
WION Dispatch: Diplomatic standoff intensifies between
India & Nepal over link road to Lipulekh pass
20 Indian Soldiers Killed
in Deadly Border Clash With China
The troops were apparently
killed by Chinese soldiers in close-quarter combat high up in the Himalayas,
just as the two countries were trying to de-escalate tensions.
China, however, has not spared even one of the world's
smallest countries, Bhutan, which has barely 8,000 men in its security forces.
In the disputed Himalayan plateau of Doklam, claimed by both Bhutan and ChinaClearly,
New Delhi didn't anticipate that an end to the faceoff would result in rapid
Chinese encroachments that now virtually preclude India intervening again in
Doklam at Bhutan's behest.
In effect, Beijing has shown Bhutan that India cannot
guarantee its territorial integrity.
C: Resources, but here is not mentioned water. Of course,
every nation is culled, crawling in corners because not having them is damning
in this system we live in, but come and take it is different. Do not know if
everything is fact in this video, but most of what I know checked.
As a note what happens in the poles and what will if we
survive humanity’ s greet and greed and gross crime reconducted, is what will
happen in space, not china or the US only?, but who is I think the whole
question behind sheer inactions, pompous reaction, slowliness of mind and
police-seize.
View from Bhutan: China Has Always Had Its Eye on Doklam
After the Chinese refused to listen to the Bhutanese Army,
Indian troops entered the area to halt construction. This provoked a Chinese
retaliation, which destroyed some small Indian outposts in the territory
Unfortunately, I don't think it is fake news.
it is the mainstream that do not follow.
They are often only acting like diplomatic channel.
China
tells Australia not to interfere in espionage case
C: most likely, just like the Chinese citizens are imprisoned
to show disagreement with the comm party, this writer is not a spy, but someone
who simply reported on the daily business and conditions in china.
Just as a comment, there are here a lot of Australian
sources, as they are a lot of Australian common project, in education scheme
for example, together with china. So china is very intertwined culturally with
Australia compared to other ‘western’ countries.
Economic & Cyber Espionage Issues May Dominate
US-China Talks
C: what is the truth, we may never know. Our contemporary
for those, for sure, will never know. Mayo mayor, after a new wikileaks, a
little bit more sun over the walls of destruction.
C: good very succinct summary of what is happening all over
Africa.
On all issues treated by trumpee, including intellectual
property fall and theft (not heft, but fall and hell) it is a shame that these
issues are passed the lips, very sehrious issues, the lips of the American
president, that will stand, like it or not, as the most decrepiting,
discredited global figures of contemporary history. Just take all its nations
to the limbo from a state that were not so much so.
C: it takes this report
some nerve to cite dupont, while Dupont, in fact polluted the whole world and
particularly the US it seems with its chemicals, they did not even bother to
dispose of in any stretch of the imagination in the proper way,
just ditching it in rivers, while it should never had come on earth first.
People would like to make of these trivial and subject of laugh matter. Poorer.
Beyond.
C: titanium to color food! Just as a note never forget how
America and their followers made the patents of medications unaffordable to the
very same countries they exploited and emptied thoroughly to the core. Never
forget.
I am not talking about pay-back, because the nuclear power,
if not before have had the opportunities to wipe other out. Fortunately even
with biological weapons, humans know that they need diversity to adapt, if only
to their questions.
But just as to clarify, I here make circulate some info, not
that I take the north side, but building a malevolent power over thieving
another ones research is not the evolution you want to be part of. Because?
Because it is not evolution.
But in a way I can also see myself beggin’ the Chinese, in
another world that would just have logically sprouted to harvest, no, haven me
from religions and capitalism (though communistic is (equal to) capitalistic
preposterous instead of prosper and psychopathic appetite for ‘ gain’, and
communism is the inquisitor matching their Europeans peering.
Protest against Beijing turns violent in Australia
Britain must help Hong Kong's protesters in their fight
against a police state
Hong Kong’s government is increasingly turning the city
into a brutal police state, but its citizens are not going to give up fighting
for their basic rights and freedoms
C: it is still this way in 2020, don’t think it is outdated
pictures.
How Russia is sectarian and hidden is as suspect for a
guess, but the Russian economy her is maimed. If I understood it well, probably
human society is facing a reinforced slavery rise, like it always has been in
African countries through racism and utter poverty, or more discreetly in India
with casts…or like trafficking, human selling and slavery spreading, including
in Europe and in the USA.
From now on, nature and
the living are subjects of law, able to go to court to be protected.
In 1972, Christopher
Stone, a law teacher in California, caused
a stir by writing an item called ‘Should Trees Have Standing? In order
to prevent Walt Disney company from building a winter sports resort in the Mineral King Valley,
a region well-known for its sequoias, he proposed to bestow the legal capacity
of subjects of law to natural entities, in this case trees, thus giving the
trees the possibility to plead in their
own right before the court.
[…]
The Sierra Club, a famous
environmental NGO, sued Walt Disney over its project but the California Court
of Appeal rejected the claim saying that the organisation could not have legal
standing since its members have not been personally adversely affected and did not suffer damage or individual loss.
US Supreme Court was about to
begin deliberations when
Christopher Stone intervened. His idea- it is true that the personal lives of
the Sierra Club’s members will not be affected directly by the Walt Disney
project, however the same thing cannot be said about the trees the lives of
which are threatened. Also, if the trees’ cause was personally defended in
court by an appointed representative, they could win, and the project then
would be stopped.
Overall, the strategy
that served me the most, even more so at the beginning of the exercise, was to
read texts directly related to the primary text in question this helped me a lot
to grasp the main concepts used and to see how authors would compare, contrast
and link them.
As some of the vocabulary
is from the legal domain, one will easily face two main difficulties. On one
hand this is a specialised text, and it may be the case that at times to
translate in a professional way is only possible for a specialist. One the
other hand, it might be impossible, for specialists of comparative law
themselves, to find exact equivalents, and therefore being left with no other
options than to resort to translation technics such as cultural equivalence (Vinay, and Darbelnet, 1958/1977)
since the French and American or English (if they are taken as source and
target cultures) legal systems do not have always themselves strict equivalents
terms (Gémar, 1982) as they are
different systems with different laws, infrastructures, organizations,
historical, legal, and social references that do not match.
The primary challenge
translating this text, was that the interest in law for this status change is
very recent (Regad, 2018). It has been therefore several times difficult to
find similar expressions coined in other texts (even expressions from the
original French item to translate). One will have to then research not very
used neologisms in context and jargon not yet entirely stabilised (Fournel,
2012), or concepts that remain very evolutive, changing or not very largely
settled or represented. To solve lack in similarity in different cultures and
also the challenge of the novelty in recent cultural stance, I often chose an
explanatory approach, or explicitness change (Chesterman, 1997), sometimes
using several words, instead of one, translate a word twice in order to erase
ambiguity and frame the original idea further, and explaining or exemplifying further
the concept.
One of the biggest
translation dilemmas was on the topical sentence. The French text proclaims : ‘La parole est à la défense
‘. Numerous
instances of this saying which is linked to court processes can be found. In
English the translation I chose is ‘the defence may now speak' that is a
literal translation (Chesterman, 1997) of the French text. I did find a few
texts using this expression, however it did not seem to be used by the judges
in English jargon; phrases such as ‘you may proceed’, ‘Please present your
case’, ‘Present your opening statement’ (Oneida County Youth Court, 2019) being
spoken instead. After searching for alternative phrases, I finally opted for
the literal version. What motivated my decision is that the ability to speak
has historically and presently being taken into account in the granting of
legal rights. If nature needs a representative to articulate its rights, one of
the most notable injustice of the psychiatric and legal world had been to
consider the inability of some human beings to speak as evidence of their
mental and intellectual disabilities (Colley, 1999) (Harvey, 1857) (Crowley, 2018), these
scientific or medical assessments in turn instrumentalised in determining these
people diminished legal status
Colin, Y. 2017 Décryptage de Derrida
: Un contexte intellectuel qui éclaire le cheminement philosophique du penseur
[Online]. Available
https://www.nonfiction.fr/article-9111-decryptage-de-derrida.htm
(Accessed 10 January 2019).
Cotterill, T. (2018)
‘Gosport baby death trial: Jurors to continue deliberations for a third day’, The News, November 26 [Online].
Available https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/crime/gosport-baby-death-trial-jurors-to-continue-deliberations-for-a-third-day-1-8719066
(Accessed 10 January 2019).
Crowley, J. (2018) Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, Disability
History Museum [Online]. Available
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2019).
Davies, P and Green, M.
(2017) Environment: The Concept of Legal
Personality – From Companies to Natural Entities? Latham & Watkins LLP
[Online]. Available https://www.latham.london/2017/04/environment-the-concept-of-legal-personality-from-companies-to-natural-entities/
(Accessed 10 January 2019).
Documentissime. (2019) Les conditions
de l'action en justice : L'intérêt à agir [Online]. Available
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(Accessed 10 January 2019).
Fournel J.L. (2012) France
Culture, Les Chemins de la philosophie’, L'Art de gouverner 3/4 : le Prince de Machiavel
[Online]. Available at
Le Nouvel Obs. (2019) Définition :
faire droit à [Online]. Available http://la-conjugaison.nouvelobs.com/definition/faire_droit_a.php
(Accessed 10 January 2019).
Mazier,
N. (2011) ‘Couple enterré vivant : le temps du délibéré’, France Soir, Septembre 29 [Online]. Available at http://archive.francesoir.fr/actualite/justice/couple-enterre-vivant-temps-du-delibere-142414.html
(Accessed 10 January 2019).
Media Terre. (2013) L'intérêt à agir
des associations de protection de l'environnement n'est pas conditionné par un
agrément
https://www.mediaterre.org/actu,20131007152956,2.html(Accessed 10 January 2019).
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sciences expérimentales sur le vivant’, Ethics,
Medicine and Public Health, Volume 4, January–March 2018, Pages 65-71
[Online]. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2018.01.002
(Accessed 10 January 2019).
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at http://ocgov.net/oneida/sites/default/files/youthcourt/Forms/Trial%20Script.pdf
(Accessed 10 January 2019).
Pavlik, S. (2015) ‘Should Trees Have
Legal Standing in Indian Country?’ Wicazo
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(Accessed 10 January 2019).
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Richmond, Va.: C. H. Wynne's Steam-Powered Press.
Renard, J.P. (2015) ‘La parole est à
la défense’, Futura-Sciences [Online]. Available
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S. (2019) ‘FSL Trust takes damage claims against Torm to English Court’, Sea News, 14 January [Online]. Available
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and the Subject of Rights’, American
Journal of Political Science, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Jan.,
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(Accessed 10 January 2019).
Environmental tort; standing (locus standi); environmental justice; private nuisance;
convergence of human rights and tort; human rights and environmental justice;
European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence; statute and standing.
The debate regarding the role of civil liability as a means
of environmental protection has been running for many years and shows no signs
of running its course, as certain States press ahead with environmental liability regimes
and the European Community continually shifts position. One of the central
themes that has yet to be fully resolved concerns which parties should be in a
position to take action in respect of environmental harm. Existing private-law
mechanisms focus on individual loss, be it in the form of personal
injuries or damage to property. This immediately limits the class of persons who may claim and
focuses attention on the individual loss rather than the wider environmental
harm. For example, members of the family home, other than the person enjoying title to the
property, may be excluded from the protection afforded by the property torts, such as private
and public nuisance, and trespass to land due to their lack of title. This theme
links into a broader debate in that, beyond the family home, there is clearly limited capacity for individuals, or other
interested parties, to seek remedies in respect of damage to the wider
environment.
Legal
capacity in LawTo
be a subject of law In order to have ability to acquire rights and take obligations and
responsibility, ONE should have this capacity which is called legal capacity. Only subjects of law have a legal capacity, and those who have a legal
capacity are the subjects
of law. Legal
capacity Issue of liability or responsibility, is strictly connected with possession of legal capacity.
The capacity
of subject of law of individuals at challenging the rights of the states
is a recent right in international law, enabling people’s rights not to
remained subservient to the ones of the states’ or even at ‘being prior and
standing above’ to the rights of the states or other organization.
In Zivi, the
subjects of rights is used in a very relevant manner to thetext as it is about the
subjects able and responsible for claiming their rights while linking rights
with activism.
Last year, four rivers were granted legal rights: the Whanganui
in New Zealand, Rio
Atrato in Colombia, and the Ganga
and Yamuna rivers in India. These four cases present powerful
examples of the increasing relevance of rights-centered environmental protection. Like corporations, which have legal rights in many
jurisdictions, these rivers are rights-bearing entitieswhose rights can be enforced by
local communities and individuals in court. But unlike corporations, these
rights are not yet recognized in international treaties. Which raises the question: what are the implications of rights for
nature for international environmental law?
[…] recognizes
the importance of protecting water resources, but views them entirely as
natural resources belonging to states.
In contrast
to international law, some countries have granted rights to the nature, and
specifically to rivers, in their national laws. In 2008, Ecuador recognized the constitutional right of Mother Earth and, in 2010, Bolivia
adopted the Laws on the Rights of Mother Earth,
which gives legal standing to nature and establishes an ombudsman for the
protection of its rights. And in May 2017, Colombia’s Constitutional Court recognized the Atrato River as
a legal person.
More
recently, the Parliament of New Zealand granted the country’s
third-longest river, the Whanganui, the legal rights of a person, after a
140-year campaign by the Whanganui Iwi tribe.
[…]
India’s
Ganges River and one of its main tributaries, the Yamuna River were granted
these same rights. The high court in the northern state of
Uttarakhand — not the national government, as in New Zealand, Ecuador, and
Bolivia—issued the order, citing the case of the Whanganui in establishing that
that the Ganges and the Yamuna should be accorded the status of living
human entities.
These rivers
now have the right to representation in the form of “guardians” or “allies” in
legal proceedings against threats to their wellbeing, such as degradation. […]
The Whanganui River is a relatively pristine ecosystem
— especially in contrast to the heavily polluted Yamuna and Ganges rivers. Each
day, 1.5 billion liters of untreated sewage enters the Ganges River, and many
attempts to clean up the river have failed over the years. Will the river’s
legal […]
New Zealand’s Parliament has just passed a bill to enable the Whanganui River to be
recognised as a legal person. It will now be represented by two
nominees: one appointed by
the Maoricommunity (or
Iwi), and another appointed by the government. […]
Chris Finlayson, New Zealand’s attorney general and
minister for treaty negotiations described the move as “unprecedented” but also
emphasised that it was
equivalent to assigning legal
personality to
companies.
As a result of this development, the river will have its own legal standingwith all corresponding rights,
duties and liabilities of a legal person. This is the first instance anywhere of extending legal personality to a natural entity
Implications
[…]
This change provides a mechanism for the natural object to
be proactively protected,
rather than reactively addressed through seeking to clean up any
degradation in the condition of such natural object.
Given the impact of climate change on the wider environment,
we can expect increased pressure for legal systems (globally) to adopt equally innovative steps in
order to confer legal
personality to significant natural objects.
This post was prepared with the assistance of Ei
Nge Htut in the London office of Latham & Watkins.
Should
trees have standing? Towards legal rights for natural objects (C. Stone).
January 11, 2014 AnnaLeave
a comment
Author
Christopher Stone
Keywords
Development of rights, development of children’s rights,
standing for ‘natural objects’.
Abstract
This article, from the era when the birth of modern environmentalism
and conservationism arguably emanated, is an abstract but serious attempt to
propose that forests, oceans and rivers, in fact the entire natural
environment, should be afforded legal rights. The piece explains that the
granting of new rights involves two aspects; first, legal-operational aspects
and second psychic and socio-psychic aspects. The author argues that it would
be seemingly ridiculous to state that ‘natural objects’ should have no rights to seek legal redress
merely because they cannot speak up for themselves. It is considered
normal for corporations, who cannot speak, to employ lawyers to act on their behalf;the same can be said for states,
estates, children etc. The mentally incompetent or any person that is
incapable of managing their own affairs is provided, by the courts, with
someone who can whilst a
business entity that has become ‘incompetent’ is, for example, appointed a trustee in
bankruptcy; conceivably someone could apply to the courts to be the ‘guardian’ of a
natural object that is perceived to be in danger. https://gnhre.org/2014/01/11/should-trees-have-standing-towards-legal-rights-for-natural-objects-c-stone/
Extra
corpus :
More secondary
corpus related to the concepts linked to the overall translation but not
necessarily to the glossary or more loosely connected.
Should Trees Have Standing
Over
three decades ago, as a
professor at the University of Southern California, Christopher Stone
challenged the historic legal premise that nature and trees are treated as objects in
the eyes of the law and therefore without rights. He recognized that for nature to have
rights under the law, the fundamental basis of our legal systems would need to
be rewritten.
Should
Trees Have Standing? became a rallying point for the new environmental
movement and food for a worldwide debate on the basic nature of legal rights. The
debate reached the
U.S. Supreme Court.
[…]
This
enduring work continues to serve as the definitive statement as to why trees,
oceans, animals, and the environment as a whole should be bestowed with legal rights, so that the voiceless elements in
nature are protected for future generations.
