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Wednesday, January 21, 2015

COMMENTARY ON CHARLIE HEBDO’S ITEMS ON TRUDEAU


COMMENTARY ON CHARLIE HEBDO’S ITEMS ON TRUDEAU, SAUDI ARABIA AND HULOT, DECLINING SPECIES.



I: • the STs

A: FIRST ST



Raif Badawi n'est pas raisonnable
Par Gérard Biard - 13/08/2018



B: SECOND ST


01/08/2018
Hulot flingue les piafs
Le billet du jour
Hulot flingue les piafs
Par Antonio Fischetti - 01/08/2018


  •   commentary

Charlie Hebdo (CH) is a weekly magazine, distributed mainly in Paris, before its online presence. Its predecessor was the satirical newspaper named Hara-Kiri, banned for parodying the death of former French President Charles de Gaulle (Gibson, 2015) (Bloomberg, 2015). It does not have a very wide circulation but has been famous for years in France for its political satire (Duggan, 2015) (Gibson, 2015) mainly aimed at religious groups, political parties and other powerful lobbies. (Duggan, 2015) (Gibson, 2015).
Satire is about ‘Holding the powerful, including politicians and the media accountable’ (El Rhazoui, 2015) (Wall Street Journal, 2016).  Both ST correspond to this definition. One is about politicians’ diplomacy to Islamism and the other about hunting groups (and all other groups engaging in killing and cruelty to animals) who historically proved to be very actively attacking those who expose or attempt to make them accountable for their activities (l214, 2009) (Pike, 2019).
The courage and ethics talked about in ‘Raif Badawi n’est pas raisonable’ in particular echoes at the well-known and dire situation of Charlie Hebdo’s team itself, that has faced several attempts at assassination, one of which resulted in the killing of twelve people amongst whom their most famous members and very seasoned and famous French cartoonists (Chazan, 2018). More generally, the journal caricatural, lampoonist style story (Chazan, 2018) is also set in a country seeing resurgent debates on ‘blasphemy laws’ (NSS, 2014)-though being a legal offence that does not exist in France- (RFI, 2015), recurrent disapprovals of the right to free expression and caricatures as an art form proffered by numerous journalists, politicians, public figures and the general opinion putting into question the right to do so (Chazan, 2018) (News Wire, 2018) (France 24, 2019) (Bloomberg, 2015) (France 24, 2019) one of them having been the former President of France Chirac (Gibson, 2015). Perhaps contrarily to the impression one can have from the international press, Charlie Hebdo has been oftentimes severely attacked legally and publicly, has been brought to courts in numerous occasions (Fouché, 2007) (The Guardian, 2007) - trials that they mostly won but sometimes lost and that never have ceased to be a threat to the journal’s existence (CH, 2018) (Sire, 2018). Charlie Hebdo today spends vast sums of money, half their turnover, to ensure the security of its writers and cartoonists (News Wire, 2018) (Chazan, 2018).

The client asking for the translations is an organization founded around a human rights movement- particularly freedom of speech. The organization aims is to ensure that the texts they select be translated as part of a portfolio in order for these texts, written in a foreign language, be available for English speakers and more specifically militants of all ages and backgrounds. The client would like to avoid too familiar expressions and allow the toning down of very vulgar extracts as this organization has an informative aim.
The objective is to stay faithful to the text, keeping structures, rhythms, images and metaphors to transmit intact its literary values, with a possibility for attenuating, and not magnifying TS’ features.
The brief will also allow the translator to add notes for the readership to have at their disposal news updates on old articles, alternative references maybe not visible in the ‘billet du jour’, Charlie Hebdo’s weekly opinion column (Charlie Hebdo, 2019).

Humour is renowned in academia to be very hard to theorise (Morin, 2003) but it is also the case that it is hard to categorise as it presents in many genres (Zabalbeascoa, 2019) (Morin, 2003) here maybe what can be described as a satirical, witty, buffoon, sometimes dark humour way of treating news (Bloomberg, 2015) (Sire, 2018).
Both STs could be said to be not really humorous, but mainly sarcastic, beneficiating from freer readership expectations in a magazine that does not require cold, inartistically shaped or literary forms avoidance that the more objective, factual or serious newspapers will adopt. The question of purpose could in that way prove fundamental because one could not accept from a source that claims to say the truth or state facts what is said in the context of entertainment (CNN, 2013).

What the dominant communicative function of these texts is, could be perhaps controversial as the limits between arts, entertainment, opinion pieces and journalism are here blurred. Charlie Hebdo’s editors and journalists have revendicated very often their rights to have fun (Gibson, 2015), to be irresponsible, etc … (Bloomberg, 2015) (Cabu, 2005) (El Rhazoui, 2015). In Reiss’ s typology, this corresponds to an expressive function (Reiss, 1977). For its minor function, it is first a descriptive one fulfilling the role of a newspaper and bringing to its readers an account of what has been done in the political sphere. Charlie Hebdo may well be said to tick all three of Reiss’ s typology’s functions since the paper has always assumed an open secularist (El Rhazoui, 2015) and leftist editorial line (Gibson, 2015) (Bloomberg, 2015), giving it a militant edge that by nature will attempt to exert an appellative/operative function too.

Within an instrumental approach context, a slightly heterofunctional skopos will be adequate since the functions from the ST to the TT have changed (Reiss, 1977). The aims of this association are to represent different events and opinions, and therefore brings an informative and discursive function to the fore; secondly, an appellative one in order to trigger calls for actions. Finally, if the artistic function is respected in the translations, it will not be the primary motive.
With both texts, a common target: two figures of government. Each text offers a depiction of a central character, insisting on their reputations of white knights in the world of words and both as well casting guilt on people for failures they do not themselves manage to overcome. Thus, incarnating what irony likes deriding as hypocritical (Wall Street Journal, 2016).
Because it is at the heart of humoristic genre to establish a contrast between the supposed good and the actual bad (Morin, 2003), ironic, sarcastic texts, used as a weapon (Briggs, 1928), are texts ‘delineating, exposing contrasts’ (Brill, 1917) (Sweeney, 2018). To transcribe this underlining of the negative traits (Sweeney, 2018) will count as the prerequisites in the translators’ decisions. For example for Badawi text’s lay-out, the two paragraphs are separated with an additional interlinear space, just like a flashback, creating a non-linear story frame, (Sweeney, 2018) a precedent to Trudeau’s remarks on Saudi Arabia: its history of jailing people not following religious tenets- unlike the rule of law, democracy and secularism in France that respects their fundamental freedoms.
Thus, the absurd is unveiled and turned into ridicule (Wall Street Journal, 2016): with people claiming one thing and doing the other- the objective of the texts is in the rendering of how broken and nonsensical their speeches (Brill, 1917), seen at the light of their actions, truly are.
Phrases such as double discourse shall be kept in the TT. The duplicity that is at the centre of these texts is amply demonstrated. The word ‘double’ also is a pun with weapons since a shotgun is typically with a double barrel and that the trapping used on the larks, by the law under Hulot’s ministry, are double entry mesh (LPO, 2018). The opposing semantic fields of religion and murders translated with words such as ‘accessoirement’ by ‘accessorily’, ‘massacre’ by ‘massacre’, ‘sacrosaint’ by ‘sacrosanct’, ‘affronter’ by ‘battle’, and ‘benediction’ by itself etc. also must be kept.

The main secondary theme of the text and possibly the one bringing the more resentment is the one of laicity versus multiculturalism politics- this statement remains debatable as Canada is a secularist state (Buckingham, 2019). Laicity, secularism, multiculturalism and multicultural accommodation of minorities  are keys concepts (Lægaard, 2017) that will pose a problem to the TC. Laicity is one could say very French and is an integral part of the French tradition and this of the republic (El Rhazoui, 2015). The average anglophone person is bound to have a reduced knowledge of what laicity is since it not a leading principle in anglophone countries. Laicity cannot be equated with secularism either (Uprichard, 2019) but more with a ‘French-style secularism’ (El Rhazoui, 2015). More than being a foreign notion, laicity embodies a political and cultural divide too. Many anglophone countries, in particular the US are critical of laicity (King, 2004) and France in turn rejects multiculturalism whereas ‘French ‘assimilationist’ policies are generally seen as the polar opposite of British-style multiculturalism (Blanc-Noël, 2010). In Canada, the controversy over laicity is very much alive today with Quebec presently trying to pass the Quebec’s Bill 21 towards legislating state laicity in the province of Quebec (Uprichard, 2019) (Toutant, 2018) (Dougherty, 2019) and with Prime Minister Trudeau recurrently opposing it (Toutant, 2018). Trudeau is regularly depicted, even joked at, as someone who takes multiculturalism too far-the reference to ‘accommodements raisonnables’ in the TS being one severe stumbling-block (Canadian Press, 2018). Amusingly, the internet searches in French clearly tend to result in pro-laicity articles while the same searches in English generate more anti-laicity law publications.
Talking about laicity in a journal that allows play on words, I used the improbable ‘unceasing’, itself consonant with secularism, rather than for example ‘never-ending’ or ‘endless’ issue, as a compensation for play on words that remained untranslated (Zanettin, 2010). Utilising another consonance, President Macron equated ‘political Islam and communitarianism’ with ‘secession’ with the republic last month (LCI, 2019).

In Hulot’s text it is the environmentalist movement and hunting lobbies that are at loggerheads. Even if species and biodiversity decline does not affect only France but the whole of Europe (Vanlerberghe, 2018) (Schaub et al, 2018), it is a subject that has been very traditionally (even though mediatised tardively) virulent and omnipresent in the French media. Yet again even though there are many advocates fighting hunting and promoting animal rights, I would argue that the TC is less sensitised to these subjects by the main media, certainly because French is more rural and benefit from more species diversity than the UK. Also, France being much smaller than countries like Canada, Australia or the US, so hunting practices are more in view and therefore are much more mediatised too.
The ambition of the ST on Hulot is explicit in several places- it is to stir indignation. Indignation against the untenable gap between discourse and action highlighted by the not only shooting but shooting at members of a species that has been in decline for decades, and lost 20 % of its population in less than 15 years (Vanlerberghe, 2018) (Schaub et al, 2018). Though the lark has become the symbol of species in decline mainly because of the agriculture industry incurring a loss of its habitat; the lark and at large the birds extremely worrying endangered situation has only been aggravated by hunting (Vanlerberghe, 2018) (Schaub et al, 2018). In view of these statistics, I opted for an information change, an addition (Chesterman, 1997) to let people know that ‘recent and dramatic population declines make it a Red List species’ (RSPB, 2018) i.e. that the lark is also on the list of threatened species (Aercke, 2018) (Baron, 2018) (Ayet et al, 2010) (Vosgesmatin, 2009).

Humor is linked with emotion (Vandaele, 2010) and in the brief the appellative function in the TT is also recommended in order to give a good quality read to militant in phase with a read that brings energy to both discussions and engagements.
To that effect one may need to lengthen the text with an explanation (Chesterman, 1997) here to try and render the horror of the situation. I used ‘a more emphatic phrase’ to restore ‘intention by intention’ (Bassnet, 2014, pp. 125-6), in order to raise the intensity of the TT to this of the ST. In French the sinister side is very clear, the lark song is so popular that it is an inescapable feature of schooling of the French education, and whoever rehears it as adult can only be acutely aware of what it depicts is atrocity: a French person just needs the evocation of this song to perfectly assimilate that murder is on the menu. Also, in the translation there is an addition (Zanettin, 2010) from ‘Alouette, gentille alouette, je te plumerai, etc’ to ‘Lark, nice lark, Lark, I will pluck you. I will pluck your head. ×2, And your head!  ×2’, etc …. To ‘Well, in a nutshell, Nicolas Hulot, will just do what the children's song says it will to this friendly bird’. This lengthening, by a long paraphrase and a reiteration confirming it is a song in which the bird is put to death by plucking, acts as a device giving to the readers more time and more focus on the pregnant and usually metaphoric couplet- in this text tough the image is to be understood quite literally.

While an instrumental approach will lead, the brief does not exclude a documentary translation. The client tries to reach a global readership, and intent to cultivate various cultural approaches, and preserve the linguistical, philosophical and philological savours of texts.
First and foremost, I kept the literal equivalent of the title ‘RAIF BADAWI N'EST PAS RAISONNABLE’ with ‘RAIF BADAWI IS NOT REASONABLE’ because of its inflictive power.
The word ‘tremolo’ in French means a musical instrument part, and is also used for the sounds that some birds may produce (Oiseaux-Birds, 2019). ‘Tremolos’ has been left intact in the TT for the discerning reader as the lark in particular is famous for her songs; and is even the eponymous heroin of a well-known poem written by Shakespeare
“Hark, hark! the lark at heaven's gate sings”

In French though ‘tremolo’ also can hint at some purposeful melodramatization effects (CNRT, 2019). In English ‘tremolo’ loses this melodramatisation effect. To keep in the text, the vocalisation of the speech in the ST, which the author equated to a bird song participating to what dark humour might reap of warnings and alarms-tremolo in ornithology is used as a name for the loon bird fight call (NLC, 2018). Painfully then, one can imagine that birds who are doubly threatened in their numbers and safety and who are about to be slaughtered could give howling calls. Tremolo could also be reminiscent of entrapment (like hoot, and shoot) since its variative trembling sound effect could be used for mimicking birds in accessories such as whistles, decoy calls or kazoos employed during call-hunting.

To preserve the familiarity of a ‘tout le monde s'en fiche’ by a similar familiar formula such as ‘people couldn't care less’ is important because they are the very words uttered by Hulot, and stand as a blatantly out of character language for a minister, and that they can echo and confirm the melodramatics he is accused of.
To be preserved too, are ‘le gendre ideal’, et ‘le beau Justin’ the latter that possibly intimating ‘beau-fils’. This way, the target of joke and ‘archetype of the ideal son-in-law’ is Trudeau but also the societal system as a whole because of being the ideal image corresponding to the exclusive criteria a family could wish for. Approval and desirability (beau itself lists ‘etiquette’ and ‘propriety’ amongst its meanings) are associated with the reputation that many politicians have to be successful in politics thanks to their looks, and Justin Trudeau in particular (McKibben, 2018). This allusion at family links, and the routine joke on being the ‘ideal son-in-law’ is also not random at all since Justin Trudeau is the son of Pierre Trudeau, himself former Canadian Prime Minister and oil company funder and heir of his father, a millionaire gas station entrepreneur (McGregor, 2013).

To purposefully keep key sentences, such as

« On ne veut pas avoir de mauvaises relations avec l'Arabie saoudite, c'est un pays qui a quand même une certaine importance dans le monde »,
that purports to expose a golden rule of Trudeau’s diplomacy or of ironically diplomacy itself, and illustrates what the author thinks is the underlining philosophy of the politics he describes.
The rest of the text shows that Trudeau’s ethics are not consistent. Described as ‘double speak’ by the Quebec MP Helene Laverdiere (CBC News, 2018), these juxtapositions in the ST only reveals dramatically disproportionate double standards. It goes without sayint that Saudi Arabia is an important country but does it make sense at all to condemn France and say nothing or very little of the extremely serious human rights abuses constantly perpetrated by Saudi Arabia (HRW, 2018) (Amnesty UK, 2018) (RT, 2015) (Azan, 2016)?

Another pivotal element to this text is the acknowledgment that this rule is one widely adopted.
À sa décharge, reconnaissons que peu de grandes démocraties occidentales se payent le luxe de « mauvaises relations » avec l'Arabie saoudite.

It reiterates how important diplomacy is consensually. Trudeau is said to have attacked France by defending Saudi Arabia, and though he has failed to prevent a dangerous escalation. ‘Bredouillle’ is about unease in speech but also means without any results; ‘décharge’ alludes to the ambassador that cannot stay (dechargé de ses functions). This sequence is paramount to participate in conveying helplessness from the very powerful and paramount national figure conferred to PMs and allows mockery, maybe provoked just like laughter might be, by ‘releasing tension built up by aggression’ (OU, 2019a).
Finally, another major pre-translation decision, after searching the subjects, was to translate the opinion without putting forward every single trait of the caricatures. The dual challenge of news translation ethics involves the endorsement of positions taken by authors but also because news items participate actively in the making of public opinions concerning real people in real time; journalistic ethics (and here the translator has the function of translating news, so goes under journalism ethics) demand to represent the author side but also the truth (Wall Street Journal, 2016). And this in contradistinctions with caricatures which depart from the strict reality (Morin, 2003) (Sweeney, 2018).

Another intrinsic problem of news translation lays with time-line (OU, 2019). Both STs are prior to subsequent reactions that could be viewed as ‘redemptive’ and that in any case may change altogether the overall story. As showed in the explanatory footnotes at the attention of the publisher, Nicolas Hulot resigned from being the Minister of the environment less than one month after Charlie Hebdo’ column (Farand, 2018) (James, 2018).
Canada seems to have been alone in the international scene against Radawi treatment (al jazhera, 2018) (Kassam, 2018). By the same token, PM Trudeau took further actions against the Saudi Arabia regime by criticizing it for several other human rights violations (Kestler-D'Amours, 2018) (Baker, 2018). To acknowledge an up-to-date timeline of Canada’s conflicts with Saudi Arabia is crucial since as it happens Canada has proven itself to be rather exemplary in the matter in relations with otherwise silent international partners and players.

Because of this information that counters the image of servility that could have been further expressed in the TT, I chose to moderate a how I translated and conveyed Hulot’s and Trudeau’s character- but not directly through the TT but rather with footnotes. Current diplomacy style is often said to be done via twittering and thereby amplifies emotional responses (Stanzel, 2018) (al jazhera, 2018). Humour may pull on this same emotional string, and the brief enabled the translators to stir militants’ knowledge and opinions in what could be a twofold move on affect and cognition. Adding explanatory notes (in which may be traced something of a Charlie Hebdo’s tone) and adopting more neutral, nuanced or rationalised rather than visceral and passionate stances and sketches that at some points were exclusively made of dissimilarities, divergences, deviances and contradictions were preferred to minimise a possible disposition towards Manicheism (Siassi, 2016), and simply to bring the readership up to date on latest developments.

Words: 3285



  • IV: your bibliography

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McKibben, B. (2018) ‘Say hello to Justin Trudeau, the world's newest oil executive’, The Guardian, 30 May 2018 [Online]. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/29/justin-trudeau-world-newest-oil-executive-kinder-morgan (Accessed 13 April 2019).

McPartland, B. (2018) ‘France's ecology minister quits after growing rift with Macron’, The Local, 28 August 2018 [Online]. Available at https://www.thelocal.fr/20180828/frances-celebrity-environmental-activist-quits-macrons-government (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Morin, C. (2003) ‘Pour une définition sémiotique du discours humoristique’, Erudit Revue, vol 30, No 3, hiver 2002, p. 91–98 [Online]. Available at https://doi.org/10.7202/006872 (Accessed 13 April 2019).


News Sky. (2018) ‘Trudeau: We don't want to have poor relations with Saudi Arabia’, News Sky, August 2018 [Online]. Available at https://news.sky.com/story/trudeau-we-dont-want-to-have-poor-relations-with-saudi-arabia-11466726 (Accessed 13 April 2019).

News wires. (2017) ‘French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo draws more controversy with new cartoon on Islam’, News wires, 23 August 2017. [Online]. Available at https://www.france24.com/en/20170823-france-satirical-magazine-charlie-hebdo-new-cartoon-controversy-islam-barcelona-cambrils-at (Accessed 13 April 2019).

NLC: National Loon Center. (2018) Loon Calls [Online]. Available at https://www.nationallooncenter.org/loon-calls (Accessed 13 April 2019)

NSS: National secular society. (2014) French Islamists seek to use blasphemy law to silence critics [Online]. Available at https://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2014/02/french-islamists-seek-to-use-blasphemy-law-to-silence-critics (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Pike, M. (2019) ‘Chris Packham forced to pull out of dog show due to death threats in bird-shooting row’, The Mirror, 12 May 2019 [Online]. Available at https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/chris-packham-forced-pull-out-15425768 (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Political humor making an impact. (2012) YouTube video, added by CNN [Online]. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGga_BTDlmc (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Radio-Canada. (2018) ‘Trudeau aborde le prince saoudien au sujet du Yémen, de Khashoggi et de Badawi’, Radio-Canada, 1 décembre 2018 [Online]. Available at https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1139242/g20-buenos-aires-canada-controverse (Accessed 13 April 2019).


RFI. (2015) ‘No blasphemy law in France reminds Valls’, RFI, 15 January 2015 [Online]. Available at http://en.rfi.fr/asia-pacific/20150115-no-blasphemy-law-france-reminds-valls (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Raif Badawi. (2011) Old Article Written By Raif Badawi, Terrorist September Eleventh Events [Online]. Available at
http://www.fondationraifbadawi.org/old-article-written-raif-badawi-terrorist-september-eleventh-events-neverforget/ (Accessed 13 April 2019).

RSPB. (2019) Skylark [Online]. Available at https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/bird-a-z/skylark (Accessed 13 April 2019).


RT. (2015) ‘Arabie Saoudite: aucune clémence pour Raif Badawi’, RT francais, 8 juin 2015 [Online]. Available at https://francais.rt.com/international/3028-arabie-saoudite-raef-badawi (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Schaub, C , Massiot, A and Didelot, N. (2018) ‘15 espèces communes en voie de disparition’, Liberation, 17 mai 2018. [Online]. Available at https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/05/17/15-especes-communes-en-voie-de-disparition_1650885 (Accessed 13 April 2019).


Siassi, G. (2016) ‘The Politics and Ethics of Translation in the Works of Abdelkebir Khatibi’, Expressions maghrébines, Vol 15, No 1, été 2016 [Online]. Available at https://muse-jhu-edu.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/article/643555 (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Sire, A. (2018) Three years after being attacked, Charlie Hebdo questions their survival [Online]. Available at https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-01-09/three-years-after-being-attacked-charlie-hebdo-questions-their-survival (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Stanzel, V. (2018) ‘New Realities in Foreign Affairs: Diplomacy in the 21st Century’, SWP, Research Paper 2018/RP 11, November 2018, 69 Pages [Online]. Available at https://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publication/new-realities-in-foreign-affairs-diplomacy-in-the-21st-century/#hd-d26119e3374 (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Taraborrelli,E. (2016) Légion d'honneur à l'Arabie Saoudite: le sketch grinçant de Sophia Aram en niqab’, Lexpress, [Online]. Available at https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/medias/legion-d-honneur-a-l-arabie-saoudite-le-sketch-grincant-de-sophia-aram-en-niqab_1770838.html (Accessed 13 April 2019).


The Guardian. (2007) ‘Sarkozy backs Charlie Hebdo’, The Guardian, 7 February 2007 [Online]. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/feb/07/pressandpublishing.france1 (Accessed 13 April 2019).

The History and Provocation of Charlie Hebdo (2015) YouTube video, added by Bloomberg [Online]. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4U_9_ijWe2Q (Accessed 13 April 2019).

The Open University. (2018b) ‘3. 5. Translating a tourist text, L802 – Block3 Unit 3 Translating news [Online]. Available at https://openedx.open.ac.uk/courses/course-v1:OU+L802+2018J/courseware/769faa0ede69447497d8ae46e53b3ce1/633cb86c62b2427a8fd74cb6d2017c28/ (Accessed 22 October 2018).

Toutant, A. (2019) ‘Justin Trudeau Condemns François Legault's Religious Symbols Ban In Quebec And People Are Furious’, MTL Blog, 28 Mars 2019 [Online]. Available at https://www.mtlblog.com/news/canada/justin-trudeau-condemns-francois-legaults-religious-symbols-ban-in-quebec-and-people-are-furious (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Uprichard, L. ‘What Is Quebec’s Secularism Bill—And How Does It Affect Women?’, Chatelaine, 3 April 2019 [Online]. Available at https://www.chatelaine.com/news/quebec-secularism-bill-21-women/ (Accessed 13 April 2019).


Vandaele, J. (2010) 'Humour in Translation', in Gambier, Y. and van Doorslaer, L. (eds.) Handbook of Translation Studies: Volume 1, Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 147–52.

Vanlerberghe, C. (2018) ‘Découvrez en images les principales espèces d'oiseaux menacées dans nos campagnes’, Le Figaro, 21 Mars 2018 [Online]. Available at http://www.lefigaro.fr/sciences/2018/03/20/01008-20180320ARTFIG00264-decouvrez-en-images-les-principales-especes-d-oiseaux-menacees-dans-nos-campagnes.php (Accessed 13 April 2019).


Vinocur, N. (2017) French Environment Minister Hulot: ‘I give myself a year’, Politico, 28 october 2017 [Online]. Available at https://www.politico.eu/article/nicolas-hulot-french-environment-minister-i-give-myself-a-year/ (Accessed 13 April 2019).

Vosges Matin. (2009) ‘L'alouette des champs menacée : Comme chaque mois, l'association Oiseaux-Nature oriente vos jumelles vers une espèce en voie de disparition dans les Vosges’, Vosges Matin, 17 February, 2009 [Online]. Available at https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/loisirs/2009/02/17/l-alouette-des-champs-menacee (Accessed 13 April 2019).


Wainwright, S. 2018 ‘Blaming the 'economic model' for climate change, French environment minister quits on air’, Green left, August 29, 2018 [Online]. Available at France

Washington Post. (2018) ‘From Germany to Canada, Saudi Arabia is becoming less afraid of confronting critics’, Washington Post, 08 August 2018 [Online]. Available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/08/07/its-not-just-canada-saudi-arabia-has-lashed-out-other-countries-criticism-before/?utm_term=.2b32934da740 (Accessed 13 April 2019).

When Does Political Satire Go Too Far?. (2016) YouTube video, added by Wall Street Journal [Online]. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pclrJT6ZHXs (Accessed 13 April 2019).

 

Withnall, A. (2016) ‘Francois Hollande 'quietly' awards France's highest honour to visiting Saudi Crown Prince’, The Independent, 6 March 2016 [Online]. Available at https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/francois-hollande-quietly-awards-frances-highest-honour-to-visiting-saudi-crown-prince-a6915711.html (Accessed 13 April 2019).


Zabalbeascoa, P. (2013) ‘1 13. Types of humour and where they are found, L803- Block 4 week 24: Translating Humour [Online]. Available at https://openedx.open.ac.uk/courses/course- v1:OU+L802+2018J/courseware/6bc6c2b5ff9d4171a88a8dc6c262cf4b/addaf354d32a424aa2bf82d81c7dee5f/ (Accessed 8 April 2019).

Zanettin, F. (2010) 'Humour in translated cartoons and comics' in Chiaro, D. (ed.) Translation, Humour and the Media, New York, Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 34–52.








  • V: Appendix 1: your corpus of texts (or list of URLs)

Corpus


Quotes directly from the source for both Trudeau and the foreign minister as they are reported speech in the ST often expressed bilingually in Canada.

Both text.

Very alarmed to learn that Samar Badawi, Raif Badawi’s sister, has been imprisoned in Saudi Arabia. Canada stands together with the Badawi family in this difficult time, and we continue to strongly call for the release of both Raif and Samar Badawi.


Le Figaro.fr avec AFP
Crise avec Ryad: le Canada refuse de présenter des excuses
Aujourd'hui, M. al-Jubeir a rejeté toute possibilité de médiation et estimé que le Canada avait fait "une grosse erreur". "Une erreur devrait être corrigée. Le Canada sait ce qu'il a à faire", avait-il ajouté. Le chef de la diplomatie saoudienne a affirmé que son pays envisageait "des mesures supplémentaires" contre le Canada, sans fournir plus de détails.
Le Figaro.fr avec AFP




Trudeau: We don't want to have poor relations with Saudi Arabia
After Riyadh ordered it students studying in Canada to come home and expelled Canada's ambassador for interfering in its domestic affairs, the Financial Times said the Saudi central bank had





Strained relations between Germany and UK
Diplomatic relations between Germany and the UK are strained at the moment following claims that the British embassy in Berlin was being used to carry out covert surveillance.
A senior minister in the German government has said there's mistrust in the relationship between the two countries and there's no going back to "business as usual".
The BBC's Europe Editor Gavin Hewitt reports from Berlin.
  • 08 Nov 2013




Raif Badawi, the Saudi Arabian blogger sentenced to 1,000 lashes, may now face death penalty

Raif Badawi could face trial for apostasy

    Chris Green
    @cghgreen
    Sunday 1 March 2015 11:31

Raif Badawi has been sentenced to 1,000 lashes for ‘insulting Islam’ on his liberal website ( )

Mr Badawi has already been sentenced to 10 years in prison and 1,000 lashesadministered at a rate of 50 per week – for criticising the country’s clerics through his liberal blog. In 2013, a judge threw out the charge of apostasy against the 31-year-old blogger after he assured the court that he was a Muslim. The evidence against him had included the fact that he pressed the “Like” button on a Facebook page for Arab Christians.



Canada helping young Saudi refugee won’t hurt Raif Badawi’s case, wife says
By Roxanne OcampoThe Canadian Press
Sun., Jan. 13, 2019
Ensaf Haidar, wife of the jailed Saudi Arabian blogger Raif Badawi, shows a portrait of her husband as he is awarded the Sakharov Prize, in Strasbourg, France. Haidar isn’t worried Ottawa’s decision to take in teen refugee Rahaf Mohammed Alqunun will hurt her husband’s case, even though there is speculation that the incident could further strain Canada-Saudi relations. 





Au Canada, des "accommodements raisonnables"
N'y a-t-il pas en France une résistance à accepter la diversité des croyances et des cultures ? Un universalisme de principe l'emporte.





An unreasonable accommodation is one that creates undue hardship for the employer.

C.ET: OR EVERYONE ELSE. PEOPLE SOON WOULD ASK YOU TO COVER. OR UNCOVER. WHATEVER IS FOR CRUSHING THE INDIVIDUAL WITH PRINCIPLES OF RANKS, FILES, LINES, ENSLAVEMENT TO THEIR SERVICES AND SUPERIORITY.




Hulot said that although he had no regrets in joining the government he had suffered from his time in office, increasingly accommodating himself with “small steps” at a time when “the planet is becoming a sauna and deserves that we change the way we think and operate”.



Cinq espèces d'oiseaux en voie de déclin dans l'Yonne

En fait, la LPO accuse la France de n’en faire qu’à sa tête depuis des années pour satisfaire les chasseurs.  Sur la vingtaine d'espèces encore chassées et pourtant en voie de déclin, la LPO en recense cinq dans le département. 

Comme la caille sauvage, le vanneau huppé , ou le merle, la tourterelle des bois a perdu plus de la moitié de sa population icaunaise en dix ans ans.  





Projet d’arrêté supprimant les pièges noyants
Du 07/01/2019 au 28/01/2019 - 2597 commentaires

Ce projet d’arrêté concerne le piégeage des animaux classés "susceptibles d’occasionner des dégâts" (anciennement "nuisibles"), plus spécifiquement par les pièges dit noyants, utilisés pour prélever des individus de rats musqués et ragondins. Il propose l’interdiction de ces pièges, notamment au regard de la souffrance animale induite.
Le piégeage par dispositifs "noyants", comme les "bidons à double fond" (pièges de catégorie 5 dans l’arrêté du 29/01/2007 relatif au piégeage) entraîne la mort des animaux par noyade.



27.04.2018 – Draft decree on Walloon Code of Animal Welfare adopted by Minister Carlo Di Antonio (cdH)
Posted on 27th April 2018 by Admin
Thirty years after the adoption of the law on the protection and the welfare of animals, the Walloon government adopted on 25 April 2018, the animal welfare code, still to be submitted to the Council of State.
Fourteen measures have been decided based on the principle that animals are sensitive beings, capable of feeling emotions and hold a certain level of consciousness.
[…]


C.ET: revolutionary, who would have thought that the council will have to compliment themselves on what has always been known. What will they do? Establishing killing quotas.


The killing of large species is pushing them towards extinction, study finds
This article is more than 2 months old
Intentional and unintentional trapping, poaching and slaughter of megafauna is the single biggest factor in their decline
[…]




Lettre - La sacro-sainte Charte
  1.  
Gisèle Filion - Montréal, le 26 janvier 2011
28 janvier 2011 Lettres

Si les accommodements, dits raisonnables, heurtent tant, c'est qu'ils n'ont rien de raisonnable. Ils relèvent de privilèges que la sacro-sainte Charte accorde aux religions.
Pourquoi ne pas dépoussiérer cette Charte, écrite il y a trop longtemps, et remplacer le concept de religion par celui d'option spirituelle en donnant à toutes ces options un même champ d'expression? Pourquoi permettre à des religions de s'exprimer là où des options politiques ou d'autres options spirituelles sont prohibées? N'est-ce pas ça, un privilège?

 La laïcité qui se dit ouverte est un oxymore qui passe sous silence le privilège des religions que la sacro-sainte Charte leur confère.

La laïcité authentique est un cadre à l'intérieur duquel toutes les options spirituelles demandent à être traitées également.

Vivement la laïcité authentique!

C : toutes options spirituelles qui ne se donnent pas a détruire les autres. C est cela la spiritualite, toute autres choses est, a, la mort, etc…ou avant elle, sur, comme débouché.

Why is male rage sacrosanct?
Gugulethu Mhlungu 25 May 2018 00:00
 Instead patriarchy demands of all males that they engage in acts of psychic self-mutilation, that they kill off the emotional parts of themselves.

Under patriarchy, men’s anger is sacrosanct and unquestionable. Men can kill women because rejection angers them. Men rape and assault women, children and other men because they are hurting and broken — as though the rest of us aren’t hurt and broken.
[…]
Convicted murderer Oscar Pistorius had repeated incidents of “losing his temper”  



This Is How Glue Traps Ruined My Childhood…
The next day, I awoke to what sounded like an intruder in the kitchen. In actuality, it was a mouse who was trying so violently to escape a glue trap that I mistook him for a living being hundreds of times his size. He took deep, shivering breaths, and every so often he would muster all of his energy and violently thrash in an attempt to free himself.
Manufacturers direct consumers to throw the animals away along with the trap, but I just couldn’t leave him to starve and die slowly

C.ET: it is why it has so much charge and charm on TV, we live in a psychopathic, pathetic society.
Ethic.




Européennes. Yannick Jadot dénonce le « double discours » socialiste sur l’écologie avec le Lyon-Turin

Le chef de file des écologistes pour les élections européennes estime mardi que le parti socialiste n’est pas cohérent sur la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique. Il prend pour exemple le projet de liaison ferroviaire entre Lyon et Turin.
 plus généralement leur « double discours » sur l’écologie.
« Ce projet doit s’arrêter […] On ne peut pas aujourd’hui, pour répondre aux 67 000 morts prématurés en France liés à la pollution de l’air,

Vieux de plusieurs décennies, le projet de liaison ferroviaire Lyon-Turin vise à réduire les   Ils soutiennent l’irrigation à outrance de l’agriculture. Ça, ce n’est pas de la cohérence, ça s’appelle du double discours, de la tartufferie », a-t-il dénoncé.
Son bras droit Alexis Braud a souligné la présence parmi les candidats PS aux européennes du maire de Fourneaux (Savoie) François Chemin, qui soutient le Lyon-Turin. Mais aussi de Pernelle Richardot, qui soutient le GCO, et de Christophe Clergeau, qui avait pris fait et cause pour Notre-Dame-des-Landes. « On ne peut pas avoir une liste constituée de gens comme ça et dire on est écologistes. Il y a une dissonance », a-t-il estimé.



tartufferie
* Dans l'article "TARTUF(F)E,(TARTUFE, TARTUFFE), subst. masc. et adj."
I. − Subst. masc.
A. − Vieilli, fam. [P. réf. au personnage qui donne son nom à la comédie de Molière] Personnage qui, sous couvert de religion, affecte une dévotion et une vertu profondes, dans le but de séduire son entourage et d'en tirer profit. Les dévots n'existent plus. Il n'y a aujourd'hui que des imbéciles ou des tartufes (SandCorresp., t. 5, 1868, p. 262).
B. − Personnage pétri d'hypocrisie. Nous avons bien encore par-ci par-là quelques tartufes, mais dans le monde, le nôtre, la religion n'en fait plus, c'est un masque qu'elle a laissé à la politique (BayardMari camp., 1844, III, 8, p. 515).V. tartufier infra rem. ex. de Stendhal.



définition - tartufferie

tartufferie (n.f.)
1.hypocrisie, fourberie.
2.hypocrisie, mensonge.
3.comportement qui consiste à dissimuler, par son attitude ou ses actes, ses véritables pensées ou sentiments.

synonymes - tartufferie

tartufferie (n.f.)
dissimulationfausse dévotionfaux semblantmascaradecomédie  (figuré)grimace  (figuré)hypocrisie  (abstrait)tartuferie (péjoratif)




By Miguel Lamas*
The Pope's visit to Chile has aroused little enthusiasm on both sides of the Andes. Voices critical of his double discourse on sexual abusing and paedophile priests are growing. "I cannot help but express the pain and shame I feel at the irreparable damage caused to children by the Church."
[…]. A cynical speech when he comes from taking part, in Rome, of the funeral of Cardinal Bernard Law, one of the great cases of aberrant priests of the Catholic Church.

And to top it all, priest Juan Barros, a member of the Karadima group, and considered an accessory, was named bishop by Pope Francis.

At the end of 2017, the Pope attended the funeral of sexual abuser Cardinal Law
  After the scandal became known, Bernard Law was forced to present his resignation as archbishop of Boston, but John Paul II sent him to Rome and appointed him archpriest of Santa Maria Maggiore basilica. Law kept his position in the College of Cardinals and in the Congregation for Bishops. Pope Francis continued this protection.
  However, day by day, both on paedophilia by many priests who are now covered up, as in the rights of women, as in popular rebellions, it is shown their supposed support for the poor and oppressed is just a double discourse. The Church remains the same sexist and reactionary institution that, for centuries, has been closely associated with the powerful, be they feudal, kings, or capitalists, guaranteeing their stability.
* For El Socialista, Argentina, 16 of January 2018



If the bill is passed in its current form, which it is likely to do as the CAQ has a majority of seats, it will ban people in positions of authority from wearing signs of their religion. This includes judges, police officers, prosecutors, and teachers.

Speaking to reporters this morning, Justin Trudeau condemned the motion before Bill 21 had even been tabled.

The bill includes a "grandfather clause," which means that employees that were hired before May 28 may continue wearing their symbols.

Trudeau went on to say, “it is unthinkable to me that in a free society, we would legitimize discrimination against citizens based on their religion.”

    Bravo Quebec for leading the way for a secular society. Trudeau's weakness and capitulation on this issue has meant more visible religion in Canada, values which are incompatible with a 21st-century democracy. https://t.co/zJlxKJlHXc
    — Northbridge (@BurnerBernie123) March 28, 2019

    

Of course, many people in Quebec, including Montreal mayor Valérie Plante, have also voiced their objection to the religious symbol ban. In this instance, however, there are far more people comdemning Trudeau's comments on the ban than supporting them.

Many critics believe the bill, if passed, will not hold up in law for impeding religious freedoms.
© 2019 All Rights Reserved, Narcity Media Inc.



allow people dictate their believe or orders in a god that slay: i.e multiculturalism.
Ç: still did not under understand? That millions of people pretend to believe just to be undermining.
Of course, it seems alrighty fair, when one’s own religion is the one of money, because they have some common goals to share.




Quebec’s new ‘laicity’ bill to override provincial, Canadian rights charters
By Kevin Dougherty. Published on Mar 28, 2019 1:23pm

QUEBEC — Teachers, judges, lawyers, transit commissions, municipalities, school boards and the staff of provincial government bodies would be bound by the Coalition Avenir Québec’s proposed bill enshrining “the laicity of the state.”


A ban on wearing religious signs by designated officials, including the Speaker and Deputy Speakers of the Quebec National Assembly would be imposed under Bill 21, which the government of Premier François Legault hopes to see adopted before the assembly’s summer adjournment.

The bill, presented Thursday, also includes two notwithstanding clauses to override guarantees in the Quebec and Canadian human rights charters protecting fundamental rights, including religious freedom.



C.ET:       but the big joke is that under neo-capitalism there is no state, care is privatized, transportation is privatized, libraries????????? Are dumped. Schools?????? After all it cannot be difficult to group under 16 in classroom and say one fulfills the need for education of international in war standards. Education has been for decades at the center of controversies on how class are there fabricated. So what? Dump it.

Humpty Dumpty, the anthropomorphic egg.



C.ET: the state is for everybody; it should embody freedom and justice not appalling and disillusional ranking system.
Religious freedom is not the right to impose it on everybody.
For the truly religious- 0,0001%, let’s hope you will be accepted as priests by your community- the righteous.


Trudeau dénonce le projet de loi sur la laïcité
Lina Dib
2019-03-28

nous ne sommes pas d'accord avec ce projet de loi parce que ça divise la population», a déclaré M. Singh qui a tenu un point de presse en début d'après-midi.
Suivez MSN Québec sur Facebook! Réagissez aux nouvelles du jour et partagez vos commentaires en rejoignant notre communauté de 140 000 personnes sur Facebook.



C : diviser la population, quel humour !
Some claim i twill divide the population, what a wit? Such in spirit, hilarious exhibit.



Woman allegedly plotted for months to acquire newborn prior to killing Chicago woman





L’Alouette des champs dans le viseur de Nicolas Hulot ?

Un demi-million d’alouettes pourraient être tuées durant la prochaine saison de chasse en France !

Alouette des champs (Alauda arvensis) - Crédit photo : Alain BoullahAlouette des champs (Alauda arvensis) - Crédit photo : Alain Boullah
Un projet d’arrêté insensé…

Nicolas Hulot pourrait autoriser dès cet automne le piégeage de 370 000 alouettes (soit 3,5 fois plus que les 106 000 piégées la saison précédente !)  
…et face au déclin de l’Alouette des champs

Cette déclaration solennelle sur le thème de « j’ai besoin de votre indignation » commençait par : « 30% d’oiseaux en moins en quelques années ».  
Certes l’agriculture intensive reste l’une des premières causes du déclin des alouettes des champs.  



c : TO BE READ IN FULL, TRUE CARNAGE.

    HomeNewsUK NewsHunting

Windsor 'wildlife massacre': 7,000 animals killed in just ONE year on the royal estate

Figures show that the Crown Estate's 'vermin control' methods wiped out 1,161 rabbits, 118 parakeets, 28 hares and nine moles

BySam Chadderton

    17:28, 23 FEB 2014

Wildlife 'massacre': Prince William at a recent United for Wildlife Symposium


An animal welfare campaign group has slammed a 'Windsor wildlife massacre' after figures showed more than 7,000 animals were killed on the royal estate in just a single year.

The staggering total for 2013 includes 1,161 rabbits, 772 jackdaws, 325 squirrels, 191 crows, 159 foxes, 118 parakeets, 56 roe deer, 28 hares, nine moles and three mink.


Prince Harry was pictured with the body of a shot water buffalo and Prince William appeared at a United for Wildlife Symposium days after spending the weekend before shooting wild boar and stag in Spain.


The Windsor Estate has responded to the figures by claiming that most of the "vermin control" - including 3,901 pigeons - was done at the request of tenant farmers.
[…]
"What about compassion? What about sharing the natural world with the other species who live here, even if that means taking a minor dent in its multimillion pound profits?".






World, Europe

'Political Islam' seeks secession from France: Macron
French president says ‘communitarianism’ has settled in parts of the Republic, referring to Muslim communities
Yusuf Ozcan   | 26.04.2019
'Political Islam' seeks secession from France: Macron File photo

PARIS

French President Emmanuel Macron vowed Thursday to resist ‘political Islam’, which he said is a threat and seeks succession from the republic.

*Writing by Jeyhun Aliyev



C.ET: ON THIS occasion, I am all for him.



CGT SPIP 43 : Quand la Direction a ses vapeurs, le navire prend l’eau.
Collectif insertion probation CGT 43 – 42 – 63
SPIP 43 : Quand la Direction a ses vapeurs, le navire prend l’eau.

Depuis l’arrivée de la nouvelle direction en septembre 2015, les personnels du SPIP 43  […]
Ce « management » génère désorganisation, tension et mal-être au travail.
 […]
Ces agressions et le climat de suspicion instaurés par notre direction sont inacceptables.

Devons-nous rappeler à notre direction qu’elle est garante de la prévention des risques psychosociaux et que le harcèlement est un délit ?

Alors, Madame La Directrice, cessez avec vos vapeurs et mettez plutôt du combustible dans la chaudière avant que le navire ne sombre !


Le Puy en Velay, le 9/02/2017
Collectif insertion probation CGT 43 – 42 – 63

C : remarque les gredins…avec eux, les salaries deviennent plus tôt sympa.

https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/050218/une-loi-liberticide

Une loi liberticide
Après les députés, les sénateurs polonais ont voté une loi sur la Shoah qui prévoit des amendes, ou des peines allant jusqu'à 3 ans de prison, pour toute personne qui associerait l'État polonais aux crimes commis par les nazis dans le pays pendant la Seconde guerre mondiale. Plus de 350 chercheurs français ont lancé une pétition contre cette loi mémorielle polonaise.

[]
Nier cette « réalité des faits », c’est revenir sur l’acquis d’un débat porté par des grandes voix comme Marek Edelman, Jan Błoński ou Władysław Bartoszewski, c’est contredire les […]
Cette loi liberticide vise à intimider les universitaires, à les pousser vers des domaines moins conflictuels, plus conformes à « l’intérêt national polonais », faute de quoi ils seraient traînés […]




http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Islamic-parliamentarian-wants-to-criminalize-atheism.-Fr.-Rafic:-Political-liberticide-42687.html Help AsiaNews

12/28/2017, 14.21
EGYPT
Islamic parliamentarian wants to criminalize atheism. Fr. Rafic: Political liberticide
The vice-president of the commission for religious affairs wants to punish an “erroneous" phenomenon that insults "the Abrahamic religions". The proposal supported by high ranking  
Hamroush has already received the support of the Islamic fundamentalist wing and the university of al-Azhar, the most important Sunni institution in the world.  


Religious symbols, multiculturalism, and public education
June 12, 2006|Written By Lorraine Weinrib
[…] which prohibited a Sikh student from taking his kirpan to public school. Unable to accede to the ban, the student enrolled in a private school.
[…] impermissable special privilege to accommodate his religious practice of wearing the dagger-like object.




Valls déclenche une crise diplomatique avec le Gabon après ses propos dans «On n'est pas couché»
POLITIQUE Manuel Valls a sous-entendu que le président du Gabon, Ali Bongo, avait été élu irrégulièrement...
D.B.
Publié le 18/01/16 à 15h11 — Mis à jour le 18/01/16 à 15h13
[…]  Des propos qui ont déclenché une réaction quasi-immédiate, Libreville ayant décidé dimanche de rappeler son ambassadeur en France, Germain Ngoyo Moussavou.




Russian denies reports it triggered Qatar diplomatic crisis with fake news story
Associated Press
Published: 1:09pm, 7 Jun, 2017

Russian officials on Wednesday angrily rejected allegations that Russian hackers breached Qatar’s state news agency and planted a fake news story that led to a split between Qatar and the other Arab nations.

Tensions between Qatar and Saudi Arabia — a Middle East heavyweight — bubbled to the surface two weeks ago when Qatar said its state-run news agency and its Twitter account were hacked to publish a fake story claiming the emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, had called Iran “a regional and Islamic power that cannot be ignored.”
[…]